Challenges Faced by Veterans after finishing their Term in the Military - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 561 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Military service is marred with massive challenges as the officers have to control or shun their emotions and only concentrate on the survival tactics in war. This takes its toll on the officers who have to develop the best methods towards developing better methods to balance these emotions once they come back after finishing their term. The traumatic experiences and massive problems faced on the war severely impact the service men and women on the battle field. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Challenges Faced by Veterans after finishing their Term in the Military" essay for you Create order Emotional and physical trauma leads to problems such as PTSD and complete disconnection with family and friends once one goes back home to their family. It is therefore, critical to assess the challenges faced by the veterans as they try to assimilate in the home environment after serving their term in the military. Thesis statement: Veteran soldiers face massive challenges in their re-entry to the society and it is important to develop the best support structures to ensure that this process is seamless in the society Emotional and physical trauma is one of the main challenges that faces the veterans once they have finished their service and come back home to their families. Emotional trauma is mainly caused by a heartbreaking event that the individual witnessed in the war and it took away the emotional precepts and connection with people. The deaths and horrors that the soldiers face during war are detrimental to their emotional stability and for some they experience a massive level of emotional trauma that causes a disconnection with the people in the society. Emotional trauma has been identified to be a major challenge reducing re-entry into the society by 26%. In addition, physical trauma that may have been caused by torture or other forms of traumatic events is also a major challenge for the veterans (Ahem et al, 2015). The soldiers face problems since for some they may have lost their limbs that changes their normal life. It becomes difficult for these individuals to be integrated within the system and develop proper models that are identified towards developing change in the systems back at home. Marriage family and dependants also pose a major challenge to the veterans since they do not develop the best connections that are aimed at developing proper models and intricate processes with their families (Ahem et al, 2015). The soldiers face their families after years or a long period which poses a major challenge since the soldiers do not understand the main methods that they can use to reignite past connection with their families. The lack of emotional connection is especially a critical aspect with the emotional attributes of the individual having been completely lost under the specific systems that are developed. Lack of proper support and understanding among family and friends also offers a major challenge. Family and friends do not understand the individual pressure that the veterans face and the horrors and events that they have had to go through in their past (Ahem et al, 2015). This is especially harder for veterans who suffer from PTSD or have flashbacks. It makes it impossible to develop proper connections and integrate the specific tools and processes towards matching the individual models needed accordingly. In conclusion, veteran soldiers are faced with massive challenges while trying to be integrated in their homes and with a lack of proper support structures, they land into another battle field that is closer to home.

The European Imperial And Colonial Influence On Nigeria

The European imperial and colonial influence on Nigeria was tremendous and ended up hurting the tribal traditions in the area. This is evident in books like Things Fall Apart and Death of a King’s Horseman where the traditions of the tribes were weakened by the through the British rules and laws. For example, in Death of a King’s Horseman, the play opens on Elesin needing to commit suicide based on the tribal traditions. However, the British official in the area viewed it as a barbaric and primitive practice that is against the rules of the British Empire. Due to this there was a fight between the two cultures with maleness being one of the cornerstones of the Nigerian society being criticized through this struggle. In Things Fall†¦show more content†¦He married three women, which was more than his father and had enough food for all of wives and children to never go hungry. He was so prominent in his society that an orphaned boy, Ikemefuna, was given to Okonkwo to raise. The people of his village revered Okonkwo’s accomplishments due to his masculinity and maleness being the cause of those achievements. Maleness in the Igbo society was power and leadership, both of which Okonkwo possessed. Unoka was a joke in his society due to his effeminate nature, but Okonkwo was viewed as a champion in his due to his masculine nature. Due to the traditional view of maleness in the Igbo society, Okonkwo often did not express his feelings in order to not appear weak. He never told his daughter, Ezinma, that he appreciated her understanding of her father’s actions. However, this desire to not appear also causes Okonkwo to act rashly. This is evident when he hits one of his wives during the week of peace and in the end of the play when he wants to start a war against the British. Due to Okonkwo’s obsession with fitting into the traditional view of maleness, he is unable to adapt with the changing society when the English invade and ki lls himself. Okonkwo’s eldest son, Nwoye, is an example of the changing concept of maleness in the Igbo society. Nwoye was not like his father and actually disapproved of some of the rules in his society. For example, whenShow MoreRelatedDecolonization Of The Economic And Political Relations Between The Colonies And Their Colonizers1710 Words   |  7 Pagesstrong ties with the same European powers involved in colonizing. However, concern for the supposed communist expansion and the domino effect that would ensue made it so that the United States had to involve itself in decolonization. Though in the beginning the United States alone did not immediately force the issue of decolonization there was encouragement for the European powers to begin withdrawing from their colonies.3 Unfortunately for the colonized peoples the European powers felt that with theRead MoreBerlin Conference of 1884: Scramble and Partition of Africa818 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Scramble and partition of Africa The expansion that was fueled by capitalist industrialism as well as nationalism subjugated land to be under European control, in nineteenth century. British Empire alone during this period was made up of more than a quarter of the worlds land mass and people. Europe in addition to its colonial possessions by 1914 occupied over 80 percent of the globe. This conquest of Africa somehow revealed a good example to what is termed as new imperialism. The confusionRead MoreThe New Imperialism During the 19th Century Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesprompt to the rise of colonialism and powerful European empires. Consisting of raw materials, markets for European business, and provided resources made the African and Asian colonies extremely ingenious for European empires. However, as the 20th century emerged, imperialism suddenly faded and became a sentiment of the past. Surely even one of the most influential empires at a certain point in time – Britain, gradually came at ease with d ropping its imperial rule over some colonies. Likewise, followingRead MoreNeocolonialism: the Relationship Between Superpowers and the Developing World1622 Words   |  7 Pagesthe developing world is a neo colonial one. (15) The dominating capitalist ideology from superpowers has led to extreme inequalities between core and peripheral nations, which has resulted in an unstable relationship with the developing world. Neocolonialism is a geopolitical practice in which a superpower perpetuates its economic and political hegemony on underdeveloped nations. This indirect and ‘disguised’ Imperialism has continued in variable degrees between colonial powers and peripheral regionsRead MoreThe Geographic, Political, and Ethnic Impact European Colonialism Has Played on the Present History of Africa 1486 Words   |  6 Pagesnegative effect on the development of present history of Africa. This essay will attempt to examine the geographic, political and ethnic impact European colonialism has played on the development of the African, and how these contributions have put Africa on its current trajectory. Initial European interest in Africa appeared humanitarian. Many of the imperial nations seemed interested in acting on behalf of Africa, on issues ranging from the prohibition of slavery to development and infrastructureRead MoreThe Creation Of The British Colonial Empire1475 Words   |  6 PagesThe creation of the British colonial empire was one of the great facts of history. For the Empire, Britain took a larger share than any other nation in developing the movement of people between continents; it also has changed the expansion of Whites, Blacks and Indians. By exporting outside its borders, together with its colonists, civilization, language, and institutions, it contributed mightily to the vast movement of Westernization of the world. Many historians debate on how the empire began.Read MoreAfrican Colonialism During Post Colonial Colonialism2100 Words   |  9 PagesIt is evident that European colonialism had deeply affected the political system within post-colonial Africa. O ne of the main leading legacies of colonialism that hindered the development of post-colonial African states would be the ethnic division and the state conflicts resulting from ethnic rivalry after independence . Scholars would argue the weakness within African politics would be due to creation of forty new states brought about by the European colonial powers in the Berlin Conference ofRead MoreColonization of Africa1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthrough Ghana from the 1st to the 16th century. The first stage of European colonialism occurred during 1500 – 1880, and was based on the gold and slave trade. The Portuguese arrived on the coast of West Africa in 1471 to find a rapid trade in slaves and other goods between Ghana and its neighbouring coastal countries (Akosua Perbi, 2001). Portugal then continued to partake in the trade, and for 100 years were the only European country which traded directly with Ghana and its neighbouring countriesRead MoreNigeri A Country Part Of Nigeria2595 Words   |  11 PagesNigeria is a country located in West Africa bounded by Republic of Benin from the West, Niger from the North and Chad and Cameroon from the east .They became an independent nation in 1960 from their colonial master â€Å"United Kingdom†. In 1914 , the Northern and Southern part of Nigeria (two colonial states) was amalgamated by Sir. Fredrick Lord Lugard who held the position of â€Å"High Commissioner† for the protectorate of Northern Nigeria . Ni geria is made up of 3 major tribes ;the hausas, yorubas andRead MorePublic State Formation And Stimulation Of Increased Ethnic Conflict3180 Words   |  13 Pagestensions that have followed state building efforts of multiple forms in regions that had legacies of colonial rule, traditionally independent states, and newly independent states. In considering the potential for ethnic conflicts to become violent we must consider the fact that the ethnic divisions have evolved in a longer running historical context that includes the colonial and post-colonial periods. As modern states have become institutionalized across the Third World, the politicization and

Its a Party, Its a Party, Its a Party - 1089 Words

Alcohol abuse is a major problem on most college campuses in America. Majority of college students might not think it is an enormous problem, but in fact it is: it is among one of the biggest problems that colleges and universities all across America face. For instance, speaking at the Senate Committee of Homeland and Government Affairs, Senator Joe Lieberman of Connecticut stated, â€Å"Alcohol abuse on college campuses has reached a point where it is far more destructive than most people realize and today threatens too many of our youth.† College students’ abuses of alcohol have an impact on their fellow students, campus, and the surrounding communities. Some consequences college students face for abusing alcohol includes death, academic†¦show more content†¦Furthermore, colleges should inform parents about their underage children’s drinking activities, especially if it is a repeat offence; provide law enforcement to patrol residences and dorms especia lly at nights and weekends; and provide transportation for students during the night. Additionally, colleges should warn students, especially incoming freshmen, about the consequences of alcohol abuse. They should be informed that alcohol abuse increases their risk of being placed on academic probation or even expulsion; having failing grades; being the victim or perpetrator of an assault; or experiencing alcohol-related injuries and death. This can be done via freshman seminar classes, fliers, and during orientation. These warnings should be backed by concrete examples and the ramifications of alcohol abuse should be extended past the students’ college years. For example, a student who intends to go to medical school should be told that bad grades will affect his ability to do so. Concurrently, parents should sit and talk to their children, especially those leaving for college for the first time, about alcohol and the dangers associated with abusing it. Constant alcohol education should be a staple throughout a student’s college stay. Another solution to alcohol abuse is the college’s adoptionShow MoreRelatedIts a Party, Its a Party, Its a Party1122 Words   |  5 Pagesstudents consume large quantities of alcohol, they are more likely to engage in casual sex without prior discussions of the risks involved. The consumption of large quantities of alcohol might impair the communication channel between the involved parties which results in aggressive or misunderstood intentions. Additionally, alcohol diminishes the victim’s ability to defend him or herself against assault. 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It is party-ish. It’s not someone in front of you talking at you. It’s networking and talking about--- Interviewer: (35:42) To me it sounds very informal. Marion: It is informal. Interviewer: (35:44) But networking is one thing and party to me is moreRead MoreThe Importance Of Thought Police In George Orwells 1984950 Words   |  4 Pagessociety where the government of Oceania also known as ‘The Party’ has full control of its citizen’s freedom. They do this in a way of manipulating them psychologically, historically, slogans and propaganda under the symbolic name called Big Brother. Being a part of the Outer Party, Winston Smith experiences strong resentment towards The Party’s views and how it controls the past. 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And not to forget that it’s an inseparable part of any business where business critical data such as accounting, inventory or even customer information and personal data such as credit cards, identity and personals is held on technological devices whether it’s a hard drive, a server or on the cloud. This calls for increasingly secure platforms to have all that data stored on and transferred in between to prevent such data to be used by an unintended party. Many issues have helped the mergeRead MorePresident Obama s Job Performance886 Words   |  4 PagesI entitled this book â€Å"Back in the Game,† because I provide my views about why I believe the Republican Party was able to regain political dominance in 2014 and become the majority party in the House and the Senate. Additionally, I discuss the similarities and differences as well as issues and accomplishments of both the Democratic and Republican Parties. But most importantly, because there has been a lot of rhetoric concerning President Obama’s job performance, I provide my personal views onRead MoreThe World Of 1984 By George Orwell1455 Words   |  6 PagesIn the world of 1984, the Party seems unstoppable. For most of the younger generation, there never existed a world without it, and seemingly there never will. Small acts of rebellion do appear sometimes, inevitably, but the Party has an entire Ministry dedicated to smothering those out. There is a tiny speck of hope still present, though, and it depends on three primary things: that Newspeak is not effectively implemented, that the central government in Eurasia or Eastasia is overthrown, and thatRead MoreDemocracy Is The Worst Form Of Government1296 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment which I also think it’s! Due to the how it operates. 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The Marketing Of Green Marketing Theory Essay - 1660 Words

Green Marketing Theory Since the 1970s, non-mainstream marketing concepts have started challenging traditional mainstream marketing concepts. For example, traditional marketing strategies resulted in over-exploitation, waste of resources and enterprises ignored environment deterioration. Under such strategies, enterprises only concern profit but ignores harms to consumers’ health and destroys the balance of environment. Because of these, the marketing theoretical circle started a serious discussion on how to balance the relationship of business operation and environment protection. Many influential marketing theories were raised. In 1979, Henion first presented the definition of greeen marketing. He assumed that the programs and activities of green markeintg are foucing on the environment –friendly sectors, According to Chamorro and Baà ±egil, green marketing is the way to conceive exchange relationships that goes beyond consumers’ current needs while taking social interest in protecting the natural environment into consideration (Chamorro Baà ±egil, 2006, p. 12). Likewise, Green marketing defined by Soonthonsmai (2007) as organizations that are concern about ecology or green problems provide the environmentally friendly goods or services. Actions carried by organizations can bring satisfaction to consumers and the community. Rahman, Reynolds, and Svaren (2011) also define green marketing in the journal article â€Å"how ‘green ‘are North American hotels?† Referring to theirShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of The Modern Production Consumption Chain Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pageswith environmental sustainability. 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Distress Signs of a Failing Economy free essay sample

Their governments lose legitimacy, and the very nature of the particular nation-state itself becomes illegitimate in the eyes and in the hearts of a growing plurality of its citizens†. This is mainly caused by the inability to deliver the necessary Political Goods, needed by the citizenry to live a comfortable life. He also described Political Goods as those intangible and hard to quantify claims that citizens once made on sovereigns and now make on states. They encompass expectations, conceivably obligations, inform the local political culture, and together give content to the social contract between rulers and the ruled that is at the core of regime/government and citizenry interactions. These are those service-oriented obligations that the rulers are supposed to perform for and on behalf of the ruled or those who placed them in office to represent their interest. However, shortage of Political Goods is at the core of the causes of failure in most failed or failing states. The signs of a failing State – a government which for whatever reason is unwilling or unable to fulfill its responsibilities to a particular country’s citizenry can be referred to as failing or failed (Fr Laurent Magesa, 2011). Nigeria as a nation, has in recent times been encountering some difficulties, otherwise we can call them some signs, which some failed states around the world showed on their way to the subsequent failure of their system. These distress signs, which are now eminent in almost every areas of the Nigerian scheme of things, are enumerated below. However, the writer of this paper stands to be criticized in the case that any of the views highlighted below are not true or does not share the general view of any of the reader of the paper. Distress signs of failed States as evidence in the Nigerian economy today can be grouped into different scopes according to Economic, Political, Social Factors, as illustrated below: Economic Factors/Signs 1. Unstable Economy Index: Many will not exactly agree with this point in the sense that the leaders of the Financial/Economic sector keep telling the populace that the nation has a huge sum of money in its foreign reserves. But come to think of it: if the money really exists, why aren’t we building more roads, bridges, railways, drainages and other capitals projects? The fact is that despite the huge money being derived from the Oil/Gas sector of the country, Nigeria is yet to fully utilize the proceeds economically to benefit the populace. The implication here is that should oil/gas dry up today, nothing will stop the country from failing and very drastically. 2. High level of unemployment: According to the Federal Bureau of Statistics, more than 40% of the population of Nigeria are unemployed or living below the average level of $1 (One Dollar) a day. With this level of unemployment and poor living standard, it is expedient that failure is inevitable. 3. Ever-increasing cost of living: This is the most painful sign that is eating every citizen of this country. Even when this was almost unbearable, the cost of living in the country has tripled since the removal of the subsidy on fuel products by the present administration. Also, the difference between the haves and the have-nots have also widened very bigger and wider. This is a sure sign of a failing state and it is evident every part of the country, including in the society where the reader of this text is residing. Social Factors/Signs 1. Unresolved Insecurity problems: This range from the incessant cases of kidnapping, armed robbery, killings and other vices that have made the nation (especially the Northern part) an uninviting place for foreign investors. When this becomes the case, the citizens will be left to languish in penury, as no nation in the world can flourish in the face of insecurity. 2. Substandard Educational System: The educational system of Nigeria for the past two decades has been dwindling in standards and the governments are yet to show any sign of seriousness in tackling the challenges that faces this important sector. It is believed that when the educational sector of a nation is faulty, other sector will follow suit. As a result of this, many of our elites are now sending their children to foreign institutions to study. The implication here is that a time is coming that those who are at the helm of affairs of this nation will not be sound enough to lead the nation to the right direction. And what would be the result of such leadership? Failure! 3. Ethnic/Religious Disturbances: This is mainly in vogue especially States in the Middle Belt and the northern parts of the country; where the ceaseless and gruesome murdering of innocent Nigerians in the name of religious affiliation has remain unabated. Although, our leaders are playing politics with this situation at the moment, but if the lives of the citizens who voted for you to be in office is been used in playing politics, what else should we expect? At the moment, the economic life of the many states like Borno, Adamawa, Kano, Katsina and even Plateau is in shamble as many resourceful people has left the states as a result of the incessant bombings and murdering of innocent lives. While these people are moving out, none is willing to move in; a good sign of a failing nation because our leaders are not even doing anything tangible to stop the menace. Political Factors/Signs 4. Corruption: According to a recent report by Gallup. com, an online polling centre for world statistics, Nigeria is the second most corrupt nation in the world. With this high level of corruption, it is expected that a time will come when the populace will not be able to tolerate this anymore and a drastic revolution will be inevitable. 5. Politics of Ethnicity: This is one of the worst signal we have in the country today. This is due to the various numbers of ethnic groups which are believed to be running in the thousands. However, with each ethnic group always fighting to gain something for its own immediate ethnic constituency, the interest of the nation is being threatened. For example, a Yoruba man will fight to site a project in his district, even when the project will not be economically beneficial to the nation if it is sited in that region. Remember the sitting of a refinery in Kano, Northern part of the country, where crude oil is not drilled or exploited. In this context, the cost of transporting the crude from the Niger Delta region where the crude are drilled to this part of the country cost a lot of money and that is not in the interest of the nation. This, as far as am concern is also a distress sign to be avoided if the country is to escape disintegration. . Unreliable Judicial System: That the judiciary in Nigeria acts not independently for justice of the oppressed, but on behalf of the powers-that-be is evidence of corruption: justice has been â€Å"bought,† in the first place, by those in power. One of the biggest challenges a person faces today is therefore to show where in Nigeria corruption is the exception, where it is prosecut ed to the fullest extent of the law, where the â€Å"small person†, the David of the Nigerian village, can get justice against the â€Å"big person† with political and financial influence, the Goliath of the city. The opposite, the victimization of the small person, is evident everywhere, to people with eyes to see. The reader of this text can testify to this fact, if he is patriotic enough to admit the worst. 7. Unreliable Electoral System: It is believed that Nigeria is still young in her democracy. However, with the way the electoral system is been run now, a great revolution may break out that can eventually lead to the disintegration of the entity known as Nigerian and bring in something else if the right steps are not taken to remedy the situation. The most painful part of this is that our leaders play politics with every important reform that would have taken the country to its zenith in the community of nations. Remember the Justice Uwais report and the panel of Justice Oputa, whose recommendations in respect of the best ways to reform our electoral system never saw the light of day. These are clear signal that Nigeria is a failing nation. 8. Lack of full separation of power: Vesting too much ower in Executive system of government: concentrated governmental powers de facto in the executive branch of government can be a sure recipe for a failing State. Democratic experiments the world over have confirmed beyond doubt that when this happens, disaster with regard to just governance is not far away. The executive, legislative and judicial arms of the State should be kept separate because, if they are collapsed together, as they tend to be in Africa especially Nigeria, democracy is inevitably strangled, civil oppression and strife reign, and the State as a viable reality disintegrates. Fundamental human rights – such as â€Å"the right not to be tortured or treated in an inhuman or degrading manner; the right not to be held in servitude or to be required to perform forced labour; the right to liberty; the right to a fair trial; the right not to be punished other than in accordance with the law; the right to respect for private and family life; freedom of thought, conscious and religion; freedom of expression; freedom of assembly and association; the right to marry; and the right to effective remedy before the courts for violation of the other fundamental rights,† as the lawyer Aidan O’Neill summarizes them (The Tablet 9 February 2002, p. 13) – then tend to count for nothing. 9. Reckless Law Enforcement Agencies: The police and army are the instruments of government normally charged with the responsibility to keep law and order and peace in the case of the former, and to defend the nation from external threats in the case of the latter. They should work closely with the judicial, the executive and the legislative arms of the State. In many parts of Nigeria, however, they have been cited to be rife with corruption and cruelty. Police officers asking openly for bribes are a routine thing in police offices and on the streets of Nigeria for sure. Nobody, not even the young ones need to be told of this as we all experience it in one way or the other. Even if it is open to question or interpretation, the accusation that more people meet a violent end in Nigeria at the hands of an incompetent, ruthless and trigger-happy police force, acting under various dubious pretexts, than, for example, in road accidents, is alone a matter of concern. Conclusion Similar symptoms highlighted above can continuously be analysed, as there are many more signs threatening our unity as a nation. The failure of the government to tackle some serious national issues like power, true federalism, free and fair electoral system, job creation, insecurity, buoyant and stable financial systems, etc has continuously been a great threat to our national integration and unity as one nation. For instance, after so many innocent killings in the North, as a result of the incessant bombings brought by the renowned Boko Haram religion sect, other parts of the country are now losing confidence in the ability of the present administration to tackle or contain these mindless killings. Though the government keep paying lip service to this menace, the citizenry are yet to understand if the unrest, which postdated the declaration of the incumbent President, Dr. Goodluck Jonathan by the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) as the winner of the April 2011 General Elections, was prompted by political gladiators, or if the sect are clearly enemies of the Christians. Apart from the daily rise in crime, occasioned by the inability of the government to create jobs, neither can it empower the citizens. Should this continue, our power of unity will be greatly diminished as a result of which many people will grow frustrated and nobody needs to mention how such a society will fare if allowed to deteriorate to that level. If the above issues are well-looked into by the government, with the intervention of some of the well-to-do corporate bodies and multinational organizations, the sun may yet shine on this gloomy nation called Nigeria! References 1. Robert I. Rortberg Failed States, Collapsed States,Weak States: Causes and Indicators (2007) 2. Aidan O’Neill (The Tablet 9 February 2002, p. 13) 3. Bryan O. Nelson – Understanding the factors that can set a State Backward (2000), London Press, P. 29-31

Tourism Management Research Project for Rome Italy †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Tourism Management for Rome Italy. Answer: Introduction Tourismmanagement doe require an extensive cares from every associated stakeholders and the local government. Tourism is a healthy option for the increment of a national economy. This is because of the fact that tourism does attract bulk participation from local and international places for several of their purposes. The falling visitors do come for many intentions. Some come for having just a spending of holidays whereas some comes for medicinal purposes. Irrespective of the kinds of reasons, tourism is one of the highly growing industries in the modern world. It has become a worldwide revolution for the courtiers merely because of its potentiality to bring healthy economy to the respective countries (Ali Frew, 2013). Rome in Italy is one of the largest attractions for tourists across the globe. Tourists come there for several of their reasons such as casual touring, visiting for the health purposes and many others. Irrespective of the kinds of reasons that visitors have, they are thronging to the destination. Nevertheless, Italy is at the fifth position in the list of countries, which are rated as the top destinations for tourists. The main purpose of the assignment is to analyze the tourism condition in Rome, Italy. In course of doing so, the assignment also checks the different backgrounds surrounding to the tourism development in Rome. Background Information: Statistics As far as statistics are concerned, Italy is at the fifth position in the list of countries, which are top rated destinations for the tourists. The country alone recorded a massive footfall; of tourist in the year 2014. It recorded approximately around 49 million tourists fall in the mentioned year. The average staying of tourists in Rome does vary with respect to the days and nights that they spent in the country. The number of tourists those who spend on an average 3 nights staying in the country are equal to approximately around 30,000. Those who spend more than four nights are equal to approximately around 30, 000 also. The statistics further shows that the year 2016 has witnessed an all time low graphs for the participating tourists. The number, which continued to grow through the years, had seen a drastic fall down in the year 2016. The number, which was equal to approximately around 55 thousand in the year 2015 that figure dropped down to the all time low figure in the last te n years of tourism history in Italy. The number of tourists fall in 2016 was only equal to approximately around 23 thousand (Polis, 2017). Types of tourism Types of tourists falling to the country are well required to understand the types of tourist that come to Rome, Italy. Several of kinds of tourists do come to the Rome. Follow are some of the examples of the types of tourists that participate in the visiting to the Rome (Ateljevic, Morgan, Pritchard, 2013): Incentive tourists These are those tourists, which receives tour package as a reward for their best work in the organization. They often receive this sort of chances from the organization because the respective management itself know that the touring destination would be more helpful in extracting some more out of the selected candidate. Apart from that, they also k now that employees might be benefitted from the cultural awareness of the visited place, which is extremely helpful for the execution of jobs more efficiently (Briassoulis Van der Straaten, 2013). Medical tourists These tourists often travel to some destination for seeking some medical treatments. This is because of the fact that their parent country night not be well equipped with the modern class treatment facilities. In such situations, it becomes necessary for them to move to such destination that is well versed with modern treatment facilities (Chon, 2013). Business tourists This is another kind of tourists, which tour to some destination just for having some business related tour. For example, the meeting with the client in some offshore locations is nothing but a business trip. Another example is of a sales person who visits to the different parts of world for inspecting the market for the desired product. This helps them in making strategies for the products market launch (Cohen et al., 2014). Educational tourists This is another very widely used purposes behind numerous tours, which someone considers for the enhancement of its subject related knowledge. The one very widely popular example is of those students who go for higher education in some hugely popular educational centres such as USA, UK, Australia and New Zealand. The attaining of higher education can be anything comprising of irrespective kinds of irrespective kinds of subject studies (Dodds Graci, 2012). Adventure tourists Some tourists just travel to have some adventures in their lives. They just need some time out of their busy schedules to put things in one place and do something, which is exciting for the soul. Exciting and thrilling experiences makes adventurous tours. Examples of exciting and thrilling experiences can be anything such as hill climbing, ice skating and forest visiting (Du Cros McKercher, 2015). Cultural tourists These are such tourists, which travels to some other parts of world just for cultural or religious purpose. One of the best examples of such visiting could be the visit to Saudi Arabia by Muslim Pilgrimage. On a same note, several other cultural or religious visits are the reasons behind the falling of some selective tourists to a particular country (Edgell Sr, 2016). Sport tourists This is one of the widest reasons behind a notable fall of tourists to some particular destinations. This does not only attract those who play the irrespective kinds of sports but also those who love their favourite sport and fly to catch them live on the ground. For example, Cricket players often travel to different countries for playing different tournaments and series. On a same note, Tennis players quite often travel to some other part of the world for playing and participating in the tournaments such as in case of several open tournaments like Australian Open, French Open, Wimbledon and US Open (Goeldner Ritchie, 2012). Special interest tourists These are such tourists who have special interest for natural resources. This is because of the fact that these tourist fall to some different parts of world to observe the natural beautifulness of the place. One of the best examples of such visit is of Opera House in Sydney. Another example is of tourists who throng to India to watch the beauty of Tajmahal (Hall Gssling, 2013). National Tourism Policy There has been an increased attention in increasing the numbers of tourists in Italy; however, the country is seriously struggling to have a progressive, which could sustain the tourists fall to this country. The national tourism policy is indeed problematic, which is adding awes to the declining fall down of tourists to this country. The different associated stakeholders of the national tourists of Italy has enormous challenges ahead of them to add some new product or services, which could again create the sheer interests in the tourists coming from across the globe. The integration of a long-term tourism strategy in partnership of both the private and the public tourism sectors is required to facilitate new resources to attract bulk participations of tourists from across the globe. Nevertheless, such strategies would help the country in utilizing the high amount of the available funds and different kinds of investments in the resurrection of the declining tourists interests in Ital y (Hall, Timothy, Duval, 2012). Planning and Development: Definition Planning and development in Rome is a city-based planning to attract the participation of a large number of tourists from every corner of the world. It sets out different kinds of opportunities for the associated stakeholders, as the progress would lift their business. This also challenges their resources by checking the compatibility with the required changes. Moreover, planning a development for a city- based tourism is a good asset for the economy of the respective country as it highly contributes in the development and nourishing of the national heritage (Joshi, 2012). Key contribution Key contribution is from the different stakeholders of Rome, which are optimistic about the growth and positive about the efforts. They have identified that necessary efforts are needed to be given to the attainment of maximum luxury of the tourism fulfilment in Rome. The different key stakeholders are public authorities, tour operators, NGOs and small size retailers. Public authorities are those who are involved in the protection of cultural importance of the places. Tour operators are the dominant stakeholders as they are the highly important bodies behind the execution of tours. They also take care of the marketing of tours, which is very important for drawing the attention of tourists towards the centre. NGOs are also very important as they are responsible for making the surroundings environmental friendlier. Small size retailers are another very important part of stakeholders, which are the resources to the different basic requirements of tourists such as food, usable utensils, clothing and fashionable stuffs. Undoubtedly, these are the secondary requirement of tourists, as they love to have fun while being on the tour by having some food and buying some important products (KhairatP0F Maher, 2012). Responsible body for tourism planning Some of the following are the responsible body behind the tourism planning for Rome, Italy (Leslie, 2012): Ministry of Infrastructure and Transportations Ministry of Economic Development Regional Local Personnel Ministry of Cultural Environmental development Challenges Some of the following are the challenges in front of the development planning (Mok, Sparks, Kadampully, 2013): Economy impacts of the development Social impacts of the development Cultural impacts of the development Environmental impacts of eth development The development of tourism in Rome might create some challenges to the above-mentioned sectors. The development has no measures of success. It is just the effect of a thought planning, which has helped in planning the development of tourism. However, the development can never guarantee of success. However, the development is only done after considering the interest level of tourists and the shortcomings in the existing offering. Nevertheless, success measurement has no such proven weapon; which could guarantee of achieving the same. The development might work in favour of economy or vice versa. Another challenge is related to the social aspect of the tourist destinations. The development might bring some social disruption as it could attract also those visitors who are not good for social happiness. For example, the visits of immature tourist who even contribute in polluting the environment. The environmental factor is another problem, which can result from the development of tourism in Rome. The development might give birth to such things, which are less friendly to the environmental goodness. Such as the development of a place with high-end technology, this might not be eco-friendly. However, the development is highly required for uplifting the declined status of Rome (Page, 2014). Factors Positive Negative Economic Payment balance Employment Income Leakages Costs of opportunity Dependency on tourism Environmental Preservation and conservation Environment betterment Protection Financial contributions Harm to natural resources Loss of numerous natural habitats Probable pollution Socio-Cultural Elevated life quality Peaceful living atmosphere Training and education Crime Exploitation Effect of demonstration Table 1: Impacts of tourism development Source: (Created by Author) Theory for plans The theory governs a process to achieve the desirable changes in the society with the collective force of natural and other resources. The theory is helpful in planning the development in Rome to resurrect its image as one of the most attractive tourist destinations. It encourages bringing the required changes to a place or a system. The proposed development program of the tourism in Rome is nothing but the reflection of the mentioned theory, which encourages and facilitates the guidance towards the adherence of different resources necessary for the required changes (Pineda Brebbia, 2012). Stakeholders Stakeholders are an important asset for any organization or sector. Tourism is a huge sector, which runs with the help of different kinds of stakeholders necessary for the operation of tourism. Some of the important stakeholders of tourism industry are public authorities, small size retailers, NGOs and tour operators. These stakeholders have different set of responsibilities and importance for the beautification and enhancement of the tourism sector. Different stakeholders have their own importance in their own field (Spenceley, 2012). Visitor management Visitorsmanagement is a complex and challenging task, which is taken care by different bodies such as the local government, the tourism ministry, the tour operators and the hospitalitymanagement department. The visitors touring to some foreign destinations are the utmost responsibilities of the local government of the respective country. In case of any negligence in the security and dignity of the tourists, the touring country government would be first held accountable for the losses. The local government would then question to the other responsible bodies such as the tourism ministry and the tour operator. Undoubtedly, tourism is not only about attracting bulk participations from across the globe but also about providing utmost care to their security and dignity (Spilanis Vayanni, 2014). Sustainable tourism Sustainable tourism should address the commencement of the following (Chon, 2013): Minimizing the adverse effect on the environment Having high recognition to the environmentally friendly projects Providing positive and thrilling experiences for irrespective of the kinds of visitors Providing funds to support the conservation of natural resources and to the local people Supporting labour agreements and international human rights Three recommendations Future plans Following are three most recommended places for the tourists: Pantheon Temple Colosseum Amphitheatre Trevi Fountain Future-Plans Incepting indigenous tourism to attract indigenous people by serving their culture and make them feel like home Conclusion Sustainability is the key factor, which challenges the tourism operations of every country. Sustainability is hampered by many factors such as adverse effects on the environment, less attention towards the ethnic rights of tourists, absence of regional cultures of many foreign locations to restore the feeling of home like experience and the destruction of environment with the pollution. Sustainability has widely challenged the sustenance of different tourism destinations. This is for such reason, Italy has witnessed an all time low fall down of visitors to its country. Something is missing in this country, which has made this possible a lower turnaround of tourists. This is because of such reasons that the tourism department and the local government have sensed the urgency to resurrect the losing essence of Rome. This is for such reasons that the different stakeholders of the tourism sector of Rome have initiated to develop a plan for the development of tourism sector. The efforts ar e to support the tourism of Rome with some extensive added options tom restore the lost image. Bibliography Ali, A., Frew, A. J. (2013). Information Communication Technologies and Sustainable Tourism. Routledge. Ateljevic, I., Morgan, N., Pritchard, A. (. ( 2013). The critical turn in tourism studies: Creating an academy of hope (Vol. 22). Routledge. Briassoulis, H., Van der Straaten, J. (. (2013). Tourism and the environment: regional, economic, cultural and policy issues (Vol. 6). . Springer Science Business Media. Chon, K. S. (2013). Tourism in Southeast Asia: A new direction. . Routledge. Cohen et al. ( 2014). Understanding and governing sustainable tourism mobility: Psychological and behavioural approaches (Vol. 43). Routledge. Dodds, R., Graci, S. ( 2012). Sustainable tourism in island destinations. Routledge. Du Cros, H., McKercher, B. (2015). Cultural tourism (Vol. 2). New York, NY:Routledge. Edgell Sr, D. L. (2016). 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