Temperament Theory Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Temperament Theory - Research Paper Example It also shows the difference between each and every individual infant. The way children behave in the society forms the major part of this study. Since behavior of children in each stage of their life changes, this theory gives us an opportunity to study about the difference in their behavior. It also provides a way to know about the children’s psychological development and factors that determine a child’s relationship with their parents. Temperament theory paves a way to analyze a child’s social activities and its approach towards life. As parent play a major part in a child’s life, their experiences are also taken into consideration. Temperament theory was proposed way back in the 1970’s but it has gained popularity only after the intervention of certain researchers. Researches specify that parents and pediatricians have a major part to play in a child’s life and they are considered to be the best people from whom a child’s characteristic feature can be understood. (Rothbart, 1981).This theory uses parents report to analyze the children and this report is of great help to measure a child’s level of tolerance and behavior. Recent studies have proposed advanced techniques to assess a child’s behavior and temperament. Temperamental characteristics of a child are recorded for a longer duration since the behavior differs depending on the situation. Though there are various methods to analyze a child’s temperament, certain unique theories and methods have been used for a longer of period of time. They have proved to be successful among most of the countries. These methods consider a child’s activities, level of stress and fear to a particular situation. The level of persistence is also taken into consideration since it enables them to know about the child’s annoyance and arrogance. This process cannot be done hastily and no child can be analyzed overnight. It requires months of study and analysis. To accomplish this, a questionnaire

Who Causes Collision Essay Example for Free

Who Causes Collision Essay Come aboard the Operation Lifesaver train and take a moment to complete the following quiz. Remember to use your common sense, because failure to do so could be fatal! Thank you for taking part in our quiz. Your quiz score: 14/15 Feel free to take the quiz again or visit www.traintodrive.net for more information. All the questions in the quiz along with their answers are shown below. Your answers are bolded. The correct answers have a green background while the incorrect ones have a red background. The Advance Warning Sign tells you: †¢ There is a railway yard nearby †¢ To slow down, you are approaching a railway crossing †¢ There is only one railway track ahead The advance warning sign warns you in advance of the highway/railway crossing. You should slow down and be alert as you are approaching a crossing. The crossbuck sign tells you: †¢ To hurry across the tracks †¢ There is only one railway track ahead †¢ To slow down, look, listen, and be prepared to yield for an approaching train When you see the crossbuck sign, you know that you are at a railway crossing. It is your responsibility to slow down, look, listen and yield to oncoming trains. Trains sound the engine whistle at most highway/railway crossings as a safety warning. When you are approaching a crossing and hear an engine whistle, you must: †¢ Be prepared to stop †¢ If a train is approaching, stop at least 5 metres from the nearest rail †¢ Ensure all tracks are clear before proceeding †¢ All of the above The locomotive engineer is required, by law, to sound the train whistle when approaching most crossings. When you hear it, be prepared to stop. If a train is approaching, stop at least 5 metres from the nearest rail and ensure all tracks are clear before proceeding. If you are being careful and obeying the traffic signs, you should never find yourself on the tracks while the gates are closing. The crossing lights start flashing before the gates come down. If you should find yourself in this situation, the best thing to do is to: †¢ Keep going †¢ Abandon the vehicle †¢ Stop †¢ Back up If you are being careful and obeying the traffic signs, you should never find yourself on the tracks while the gates are closing. The crossing lights start flashing before the gates come down. If you should find yourself in this situation, the best thing to do is to keep going. Most highway/railway crossing collisions involve drivers living within _____ of the location of the collision. †¢ 10 km †¢ 40 km †¢ 65 km †¢ 100 km 40 km. As you might expect, familiarity with highway/railway crossings breeds complacency. Many collisions occur close to home. A freight train with 80 railcars traveling 100 km/h can take _____ distance to stop. †¢ Less than 500 metres †¢ 1 km †¢ Up to 2 km †¢ More than 2 km Even in an emergency, a train travelling at 100 km/h could take up to 2 km to come to a stop. Remember, locomotives and railcars are a lot heavier than the family vehicle, and it takes a greater distance to stop. You can stop much more quickly! Some vehicles stop at all crossings. These may include: †¢ Public transit and motor coach vehicles carrying paying passengers †¢ School buses †¢ Hazardous material carriers †¢ All of the above In some provinces, public transit and motor coach vehicles carrying paying passengers, school buses and hazardous material carriers may stop at all crossings. So be prepared to stop if you are following one of these types of vehicles. The main contributing factor of a train-vehicle collision is: †¢ Weather conditions †¢ Malfunctioning warning devices †¢ Poor eyesight †¢ Vehicle driver error According to studies, vehicle drivers who do not exercise due caution at crossings are the main reason for highway/railway crossing collisions. These drivers, who fail to obey the warning signs and/or signals, take dangerous risks with their lives and those of others. It is illegal to drive around crossing gates. †¢ True †¢ False It is not only illegal, but also dangerous to drive around gates. Never race a train to the crossing. †¢ True †¢ False The race for the crossing was a highlight of many an old movie comedy; in real life, there is nothing funny about such a scene — it can be deadly, because even in a tie, you lose! It is okay for you to cross when the last car of a train clears the crossing. †¢ True †¢ False Do not proceed until you are sure that all tracks are clear and that all applicable automated warning devices have ceased operation – you might walk or drive right into the path or side of a moving train on the same or other track. Drivers often drive with their headlights off. This explains why many collisions involve a vehicle slamming into the side of a train at night. †¢ True †¢ False At night, some drivers overdrive their headlights. This means that you drive so fast that you cannot stop in the distance illuminated by your headlights. Slow down when you see the advance warning signs and be prepared to stop. Avoid stopping on the tracks in a traffic jam. †¢ True †¢ False Before proceeding across the tracks, be sure there’s enough space for your vehicle on the other side. If it doesn’t fit, don’t commit! A train should be expected on any track at any time. †¢ True †¢ False Don’t fall into the trap of knowing a crossing too well. Trains don’t always run at scheduled times. Extra trains may run at any time. Remember any time is train time. If you stall on the tracks when a train is approaching, get away from your vehicle immediately. †¢ True †¢ False If your vehicle stalls on a crossing, get all the occupants out of the vehicle and away from the track immediately. Do not run! Walk quickly to a point at least 30 metres away from the track. This will prevent you from being struck by flying debris if the train hits the stalled vehicle.

Sociolinguistics and Fairy Tales; An Integrated Approach to Adult ESL

Rationale The purpose of this study is to consider the current materials adult ESL students’ use and incorporate authentic material (through the use of fairy tales) as a way of helping adult learners achieve proficiency in second language through a mock prospectus. This study investigates the sociolinguistic, sociocultural and psychological features found in fairy tales, including Grimm’s tales, and the potential of using modern fairy tales as practice material for ESL learners. It explores various dimensions of fairy tales and demonstrates how they can be used as content to instruct and provide language practice to ESL learners. Fairy tales are predominantly taught to native English primary school students. They are a ‘semi-logical’ language that is inherent to the English language. Teachers can use similar texts so that adult ESL students can benefit becoming familiar with certain grammatical structures and vocabulary. It is essential to discover whether adult ESL students can comprehend the language used in fairy tales. Therefore, the following hypotheses can be made; Are the linguistic features in a modern fairy tales similar to standard/basic everyday texts? Do these texts have the potential to be authentic enough for standard language use? Can these texts allow students to be more active and confident in their English proficiency and self-development? What problems can occur if the mock prospectus is implicated? The main theory used in this study will be Krashen’s Input Hypothesis; the ‘i’ as the students’ familiarity with the stories and the +1 as the target language acquired. Teachers must provide students with opportunities to use meaningful language and, allow for immediate corrective feedback. Storytell... ... Little Pigs’ New York: Viking. Tomlinson, P., and Philpot, T. (2007) ‘A Childs Journey to Recovery’ Jessica Kingsley Publishers Tomlinson, P., Dockrell, J., Smith, L. (2003) ‘Piaget, Vygotsky and Beyond; Central Issues in Developmental Psychology and Education’ Routledge Tomlinson, B. (1986) Openings London: Lingual House Zinn, L. (1990) ‘Identifying Your Philosophical Orientation,’ Adult Learning Methods :39-77. Zipes, J. (2007) ‘Why Fairy Tales Stick: The Evolution and Relevance of a Genre’ Routledge: New Ed. Zipes, J. (2002) ‘Breaking the Magic Spell: Radical Theories of Folk and Fairy Tales’ Social Sciences 5(6) University Press of Kentucky. Zipes, J. (2002) ‘The Brothers Grimm: From Enchanted Forests to the Modern World’ (2nd ed) Palgrave McMillan Zipes, J. (1994) ‘Fairy Tale As Myth Myth As Fairy Tale’ in Clarke Lecture. University Press of Kentucky,

Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Laura’s Missed Opportunity :: Glass Menagerie essays

Laura's Missed Opportunity in The Glass Menagerie "The Glass Menagerie" is a play about intense human emotions; frustration, desperation, sadness, anger, shyness, and regret. Perhaps the most intense scene in the play is when a gentleman caller,   Jim O'Connor, finally does come. All of their futures hang in the balance during this scene. Laura is actually drawn out of her shyness with someone besides her family, and she actually begins to feel good about herself. If Jim had not been engaged to someone else the outcome of the play may have been different. If he had been free to love her, he may have continued to call on her, drawing her out of her shell and raising her self-esteem. They may have eventually married, giving Laura a husband to love her, making Amanda happy, and making Tom free to leave and live his own life. Laura is very nervous when Jim comes to the door. Amanda pleads with her to open it. Besides her words differing somewhat from the play text, she does not try to stall Jim and Tom by calling out lyrically, "Coming! Just one second." Laura's meeting with Jim at the door is just as I imagined it while reading the play, his demeanor casual and friendly, and her shyness painfully obvious. After entering the house Tom goes out on the terrace, but he does not light his cigarette before going out as the play directs, and he also continues to read his paper once he is on the terrace, which the play says nothing about. Another difference that was instantly apparent in the movie was the absence of the images that pop up every couple of pages during the play. I think the absence of these images slightly undermines the aura of unreality. The presence of the images represents dreams and imagination, which we know are made up, fantasy. The absence of the dreamlike images helps us forget what Tom says at beginning of the play, "the play is memory. Being a memory play, it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental, it is not realistic." As Tom is still speaking to Jim in the movie, he does not lean over the rail with the appearance of a voyager as he says, "I'm planning to change.", as he is supposed to in the play, neither does he wave his hand toward the movie theatre as he speaks of it. Free Glass Menagerie Essays: Laura’s Missed Opportunity :: Glass Menagerie essays Laura's Missed Opportunity in The Glass Menagerie "The Glass Menagerie" is a play about intense human emotions; frustration, desperation, sadness, anger, shyness, and regret. Perhaps the most intense scene in the play is when a gentleman caller,   Jim O'Connor, finally does come. All of their futures hang in the balance during this scene. Laura is actually drawn out of her shyness with someone besides her family, and she actually begins to feel good about herself. If Jim had not been engaged to someone else the outcome of the play may have been different. If he had been free to love her, he may have continued to call on her, drawing her out of her shell and raising her self-esteem. They may have eventually married, giving Laura a husband to love her, making Amanda happy, and making Tom free to leave and live his own life. Laura is very nervous when Jim comes to the door. Amanda pleads with her to open it. Besides her words differing somewhat from the play text, she does not try to stall Jim and Tom by calling out lyrically, "Coming! Just one second." Laura's meeting with Jim at the door is just as I imagined it while reading the play, his demeanor casual and friendly, and her shyness painfully obvious. After entering the house Tom goes out on the terrace, but he does not light his cigarette before going out as the play directs, and he also continues to read his paper once he is on the terrace, which the play says nothing about. Another difference that was instantly apparent in the movie was the absence of the images that pop up every couple of pages during the play. I think the absence of these images slightly undermines the aura of unreality. The presence of the images represents dreams and imagination, which we know are made up, fantasy. The absence of the dreamlike images helps us forget what Tom says at beginning of the play, "the play is memory. Being a memory play, it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental, it is not realistic." As Tom is still speaking to Jim in the movie, he does not lean over the rail with the appearance of a voyager as he says, "I'm planning to change.", as he is supposed to in the play, neither does he wave his hand toward the movie theatre as he speaks of it.

Health Care Communications Methods Essay

You are the communications coordinator for a national drug manufacturer. Recently, there have been reports of significant negative effects caused by one of your medications that are used by a significant population. News reports have alleged that one of the individuals affected is a well-known public figure. You are tasked with addressing the news reports and the general public regarding this situation. As one of the head members of communications at DrugsRus for the past 15 years, it has been shown firsthand the belongings of narcotic medications on our local population. These have been analyzed and investigated on a national level. It is only recently that the overwhelming craving to the drugs has become widespread within our area; spreading like weeds throughout the country. The increase of drug dependent patients and drug related episodes has resulted in a raised amount of attention and concern from the public. Taking all of this into consideration, overdosing occurrences from incompatible interactions with other medications; narcotic, controlled, or non-narcotic properties alike, have resulted in an exceptional need for change within our business concerning patient rules, regulations, guidelines and restrictions. Changes to otherwise generally agree upon medications as well as required authorization approvals upon external medication intake must be reconsidered. Some have been asked by our board members to develop a communication strategy to address these needs as well as the impact HIPPA and other regulations will have on this type of communication. The following will include the communication strategy decided upon to take as well as the encountered use of regulatory systems such as HIPPA, followed by the advantages and disadvantages of using traditional, electronic and social media for our healthcare communication. Furthermore, the reasons of each of the components of the communication strategies chosen. Communication Channels Although telecommunications is moving forward quickly at a distressing rate, historically established methods of communication in healthcare are still very successful. These traditional communication channels include face-to-face discussions, telephone calls, post mail, fax, memorandums, board meetings, and reports to name a few. Technology has raised the use of electronic communication methods which has in turn has paved the way for new kinds of social media communication methods. Electronic channels of communication include emails, text messaging, EMRs, two-way radios, instant messaging, overhead audio announcements and video conferencing among many other portable devices. Social media channels include newspapers, television broadcasting, online networking, advertisements, webcasts, and social media websites. Unlike using postal mail, utilizing social media and electronic forms of communication would allow the user to emit and obtain information simultaneously as well as gain feedback and reply virtually within minutes. There is always a need for previously documented communication, so advantages of traditional channels include the ability to record and obtain the message that was communicated at a later date for conformation and review. However, the disadvantage is that formal means are usually delayed, meaning the message may not be received until a later date depending upon the medium used, such as with postal mail. The advantages of electronic channels are that messages can be communicated online with ease as well as with the ability to save, download and store the information on a storage media for printing and accessing at a later time. This has virtually eliminated the delay of other traditional means by allowing for the same documentation but at an instant; as well as allows multiple, simultaneous access. Disadvantages of the electronic means can include invasion of privacy and possible security breach as well as it may not reach the part of the public unable to afford such devices or internet access. Advantages of using the social media aspect can attract the attention needed to promote a product or service intended or drive traffic to the intended website of services. This type of channel has the ability to bring people together from all over the world as well as allows each person to express their own opinions and ideas, providing well-needed feedback. Disadvantages of this method when not used properly or failed to promote the communication effectively can cause a permanent damage to the company’s reputation; as this mistake is seen in front of hundreds or thousands of people who also have direct and easy access of spreading their messages online. This way of communicating can also be more time consuming as someone has to be constantly checking in to make comments, answer questions, and reply to feedback. Regulatory Effects While healthcare organizations are responsible to adhere to regulations on a federal level such as with (HHS) Department of Health and Human Services and (HIPPA) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; they are bound by state, local, and some private accrediting organization regulations as well. Any method of communication taken in regards to internal employee and patient awareness as well as external partners, patient families, and the general public must obtain and maintain compliance with regulations set forth by all of the agencies involved. It is important to understand that under the HIPPA privacy law, any identifying information of any patient must have that patient’s written consent before their medical information can be shared. This includes the verbal, written, and electronic use in addition to, appointing a privacy officer responsible for compliance to these standards as well as the ability to identify all ways they intend on communicating the patient information (Osborne, M. Ed. ,OTR/L, 2002). One example, according to the Joint Commission and HIPPA, (SMS) short message service or text messaging is non-secure and noncompliant with safety and privacy regulations and therefore not permitted (Brooks, MD, 2012). In order to use social media channels the information must be DE-identified to maintain compliance with all federal, state and local regulations. Communication Strategy The guidelines, regulations, and restrictions reform will educate employees and target patients, to prohibit the use of adverse medications while receiving treatment at DrugsRus by informing them of the deadly effects and loss of life as a result, using counselors, nurses and physicians through in house meetings, group therapy, one-on-one sessions, automated voicemail messages, flyers, and overhead announcements as well as updated patient rules and regulations pamphlets distributed at the medication window, for the purposes of saving lives and promoting sobriety throughout the recovery process. Rationale for Components Educating our employees will be the first line of defense as our staff can educate the patients as well as enforce the new rules effectively. Counselors can discuss adverse effects of combining medications while in one-on-one sessions with patients. Flyers posted on the walls and offered at the check-in window as well as overhead announcements will catch the attention of patient entering and sitting in the front lobby. Group meetings will be held for patients to discuss changes and express their feelings about the new rules as well as receive feedback as to why these measures have been taken and were needed. Updated pamphlets will be given to each patient as they enter to receive their medication, ensuring every patient is made aware of these official changes. Voicemail messages will follow to ensure the patients at home will be notified of a change and will be opted to prepare for the transition. The object is to reach all of the sixteen hundred patients receiving treatment in enough time to save lives. Each passing day is another chance for an adverse reaction to take another life. In order to implement changes effectively and quickly, all measures of communication must be utilized. Summary In conclusion, as the opiate trend rises among our local and national population, the rise of deaths due to adverse effects of these medications has risen to an all-time high. It is because of the fatalities that a reform of the present patient rules, regulations and guidelines must be implemented and adhered to immediately. As communications officers, we have been asked to develop a strategy to address those needs. We have included some of the present communication methods as well as channels and measures with which to use them effectively. We have included some of the regulations surrounding the legal use of those communication methods. We have given a complete communication strategy which addresses who and what the communication strategy will involve. We have showed how we are going to implement the communication, where and the results of the communication strategy. We have followed up with the reasons this communication effort is so important to our patients and facility as well as vital to our community as a whole.

Title and description Essay Example

Title and description Essay Example Title and description Essay Title and description Essay A Project Manager is a responsible individual in a company, for performing several tasks such as Project Plan, execution of plan, team management and in assessing team performance. Further a project manager is also responsible for communication, status reporting, risk management and issues that could not be resolved in a team and even budgeting of project, schedule are some of the   essential roles of   a project manager. Project manager required to be efficient at the outset, in HR management, caliber, managerial skills and a complete professional knowledge about labor laws, which means Project manager is similar to one-man army wherein a specific tool is used when it is required. The job of project manager   is not so easy to perform whereas it requires excessive working and on site knowledge for executing projects on time with the assistance of project team. It can be added here that, a desk job held by an individual does not take much time to perform with the fact that the task is within the purview of individual whereas project manager has to consider the work and performance of project team with each individual possessing different moods and levels of working. Skills and responsibilities Therefore, the job of a project manager is a complex job which requires in depth knowledge of HR management and project management apart from considerable experience in project management. Apart from project team, project manager   is accountable to senior management viz., CEOs, CFOs, COOs and even VPs who from time to time require feed back and progress reports of projects indicating the level of work that is completed and explanations for delays. Construction management shoulders project manager with heavy responsibility of construction engineering work, terms with labor, keeping a stock of construction materials and above all, importantly completing the construction project within schedule, as per architectural design with perfect finishing. Project manager is confronted with maximum hurdles such as lack of or insufficient funds,   lack of efficiency in labor, lack of team spirit or up rise of raw material prices in the market or any such unforeseen accidents while implementing project plan. A thorough training must be offered to Project Manager who is qualified, experienced, dynamic and smart individual.   It must be well understood by the Project Manager that senior management looks for completion of projects   in scheduled time and in achievement of such goals, project manager has to act in a language of professional authority, taking the initiativeness and decision making powers to get the project completed within the time frame, which is essential duty of project manager. Project Manager can also consider the consent of other counterparts viz., team leaders, team committees, project director and project leader. In order to perform exceedingly well in the duty of project manager, neat and well written project plan, detailing each team member duties, schedules, time frames, progressive reports of phase-wise project   completion, must be prepared in advance by choosing one of the best project development model,   which offers a complete set of work schedules for   project management. Periodical meetings with team members, senior members, committee members, would enable a clear picture about project progress and also ensures corrective measures if there were any mistakes while executing projects.   Therefore the role of a project manger is that of hub in a wheel who is a driving force behind completion of projects in time, although it is a hard-labored job of dealing issues beginning from workforce to senior managers. Salary range and benefits A project manager is highly paid and rewarded with maximum benefits.   For instance an IT Project Manager in Florida receives low $60,454,   typical 71,897 and high $ 85,708, according to PayScale Salary calculator. This provides a fact that an IT Project Manager holds a very responsible position in a company with great responsibilities which is why, an attractive pay packet along with benefits such as holiday package, bonus payment and allowances are available for an IT Project Manager. Education and experience requirements For an IT Project Manager, a thorough and professional knowledge both theoretical and practical is required in systems administration and an award of IT Certification is further beneficial in getting the job in an easy process and especially if IT certification is specific in products, vendors and tasks, there is more opportunities for easy entry into the companies. Apart from certification regular reference with IT books,   practical experiences also add up the ability to produce effective results. Small and medium sized businesses are also opting for IT managers who are both qualified and experienced therefore, career opportunities in IT Project Managers are good for the present and for the future and with this supporting and evidencing fact,   career makers can avail this opportunity in mastering project manager certification and experience and be seated in a multinational company or an SME as a professionally qualified Project Manager. For a project manager, each day of working would provide a new working experience and adds to the field of experience whether it is in IT, consumer or a construction company.   The role of responsibility played by a project manager leads to a different working experience which varies from company to company.   Each company has certain limitations, expectations and specific duties and responsibility for a project manager and while considering the appointment, the candidate has to carefully examine, understand and analyse whether a justice to the specifications of job can be met with and only then accept appointment.   A clear SWOT analysis has to be made by a project manager before joining a company. Part 2 Interview Questions Interviews questions have to be quite professional, analytical and creative oriented such that the collective abilities of candidate both   academic, work experience and creativity must be calculated at the time of interview which produces an overall picture of candidate and further enables the interviewer to rate the candidate as Merit, First class, Second class or average Project Manager. The presentation skills,   body language, etiquette and code of dress are all added features   of a good project manager and companies look no further before selecting a right candidate. It is important for the candidates to give no impressive replies whereas produce answers in the right direction, right attitude with complacency. The following interview questions for the job of project manager are pre-meditated   : Ques.1   How do you evaluate yourself as a successful Project Manager? Ques 2   Were you encountered with heated situations which you solved technically and professionally with your own pursuance with   project team? Ques. 3   In the event of unmanageable situation, what is the first thing that you ever take up to do?   In order to reach a manageable solution for completion of a project. Ques. 4   Do you attribute your success of project completion to you personally or to the company   you work/worked for? Ques 5. What are elements of a successful Project Manager ? Part 3 Probable answers expected from the candidate by the interviewer: Ans 1. Rate myself as reasonably good project manager so far, as the projects handled by me are limited to a period of five years work experience wherein, there were no lacunae areas or unsatisfied results throughout the period of project management.   Senior management was content with the way the company’s projects were executed in a quite professional manner along with coordinators and co-workers.   As project manager, believe in encouraging team spirit and motivation which are driving force for speedy delivery of projects within time schedule. Ans.2   There were numerous situations, which were resolved without intervention of any senior member, by implementing and using skills, technical aspects, moral and social aspects which came to a halt in clearing confused areas while working.   This certainly necessitates extra flow of energy and checking of mindset of each individual as to what the other end is looking for and how important it is to satisfy workers or pacify emotions which reach to   high   levels in uncompromising status.   For that matter any situation has only two sides either positive or negative and these have to be handled respectively and cleared for moving ahead with work. Ans 3. Unmanageable situation do occur and personally never get carried away or loose temperament and instead sip a cup of coffee and draw / design a plan in five minutes and get back to the situation   and resolve without further delay.   Piling up of complex situations bring down the progress and slows the down the delivery of projects.     Therefore any hurdles that are encountered with, have to be faced practically and derive solutions without wasting time as one of the main aspects of project management is time management. Ans 4. Company provides authority, reputation and goodwill to Project Manager with an expectation that project manager would perform at a merit level and pays a good salary. Companies believe and trust Project Managers which is an intangible asset for the companies and project managers avail those good opportunities of projects and gain recognition by delivering projects within framework.   Therefore companies have to receive first hand acclamation and thereafter the second half of success belongs to project manager with the fact that skills, potential abilities and work experience were implemented in execution of projects. Ans 5. The first element of a successful project is scope of delivery whether it is in boardroom, videoconference   room or an auditorium with a question â€Å"what are we delivering?†Ã‚   and â€Å"what we are not delivering?†.   The second element is time, the third element is cost, the fourth element is quality and   fifth element is risk.   A project manager must collectively use all these five elements in order to deliver a successful project. The above interview questions were to be answered by an interviewee, a moderate, reasonable with brief description and presentation of answers would be made, with the fact that,   excessive flow of jargon may spoil or may lower the selection process. Everything that is said or written has to be brief, to the point and concise. In other words, usage of correct English, good selection of diction and appropriately spoken would be noble and impresses the interviewer. All kind of interviews may not be similar as it differs from company to company and it requires preparation before attending an interview and keep an update of interview skills and quality paper presentation.   Especially these globalised times, job opportunities for project managers are vast wherein talent pool is in great need and whoever matches with the perfect quality, proves lucky enough in reaping good awards of job placement apart from a winsome salary package and benefits. Conclusion Before opting for any career or job placement, a complete criteria of requisite academics, work experience and skills have to be met with by the candidate in order to perform in the course of employment.

Monostasm essays

Monostasm essays Christian monasticism had its origin in Egypt. In the second and third centuries, Christians sought to lead ascetic and holy lives in the deserts of Egypt. Some lived alone as hermits, and others formed communes where they devoted themselves to the pursuit of holiness rather than worldly success. Christianity became legal in the fourth century, and the monastic lifestyle became popular throughout the Roman Empire. In the early days of monasticism, each community developed its own rules, procedures, and priorities. Some communities demanded strict lifestyles and some did not, which resulted in Monks frittering away their time or wandered aimlessly from one monastic house to another. These haphazard conditions prevented monasteries from mounting effective Christian missions. The early monastic movement was strengthened by St Benedict of Nursia in 529. He prepared a set of regulations known as Benedicts Rule that he founded at Monte Cassino. The rule did not permit extreme asceticism, but required monks to take vows to lead communal, celibate lives under the absolute direction of the abbot who supervised the monastery: poverty, chastity, and obedience became prime virtues for the Benedictine monks. The Rule also called for monks to spend their time in prayer, meditation, and work. Hours were divided up during the day into periods of study, reflection, and manual labor. They were called, matins, lauds, prime, teree, sext, nones, uespers, and compline. The discipline introduced by the Rule strengthened monasteries. They became a dominant feature in the social and cultural life of Western Europe throughout the middle ages. Monasteries helped to restore order in the country and expand agriculture production. They accumulated large landholdings, as well as authority over serfs working their lands. Mostly in France and Germany, abbots of monasteries dispatched teams of monks and serfs to clear forests, drain swamps, and p...

Color Psychology Essay

Color Psychology Essay Color Psychology Essay â€Å"Douglas and Jaelyn are plunked down next to each other playing with dinosaurs. They don't seem to be interacting, but every now and again, one of them will check out the other. And when Jaelyn segues to a different play area, Douglas follows.† (http://wondertime.go.com/learning/article/baby-parallel-play.html) Parallel play is one of the of human psychology. , that we are still uncovering new information about. Play is one of the most essential things that form a child’s life, personality, interests and opinions. However, not all children have a happy childhood. Children of wars, or from abused families, for example. Some children live in rural areas, without companionship from siblings or friends. Solitary play helps the growth of kids without friends around them. Imagination is a child’s greatest tool and is used to its full advantage. From blocks to painting, to dolls and puppets, to running around in a back yard or laughing with friends, play extends everywhere. What is parallel play? Mildred Parten born in 1902, who wrote an article in the Journal of Abnormal Psychology, where this was discussed, named the idea of parallel play. Parten also named other types of play such as cooperative, solitary and onlooker. In a â€Å"social participation act† with forty preschool children, she compared and contrasted play behaviors. Put simply, as she described it, parallel play is when two children are in a room together, possibly even playing with the same toys-but not interacting. Cooperative play however, is just about the opposite of that. Cooperative play is when children interact. Usually children transfer from parallel play between the ages of two and three years old (Social and Personality Development - William Damon -Secondary source) when a child is still in preschool. Sometimes parents mistake the growing into cooperative play for the child growing out of parallel play. Some children that grow into cooperative play do so later than others. Interference from a parent or teacher can influence this and can prove to be unhealthy. Even though kids grow into coopereative play, no matter what their stage is they still engage in parallel play as well. Parten had identified the concept of parallel play to understand social development of people better. After she completed her doctoral course in 1929 (genealogy.org), she developed the five types of play- parallel, onlooker; solitary, unoccupied, associative and cooperative (Social and Personality Development - William Damon -Secondary source) . As William Damon states in his book â€Å"Social and Personality Development solitary play helps children develop on their own. Without toys, children use their imagination. Without friends, children use their imagination. Imagination is one thing that never dies no matter what, because it fosters a child’s natural curiosity, if not pushing it gently to its limits. Onlooker behavior occurs when a child does not participate in a game or a movement with the rest of a group. follows. He simply does not feel like participating, though he may be friendly with other children. Parallel play is mentioned above. Associative play is full-blown cooperative play. A child will play with his friends, and probably include talking in the activity. If he is- observed, he will show more interest in his friends and/or environment then the toys around him, although hey will still pay some attention to the toys. Cooperative play begins as mimicry. At this stage, when a child sees something similar to what he has in his possession, he will be interested. Mimicry could be eating the same food, having the same toy, or even imitating body movements. 1. As William Damon states in his book â€Å"Social and Personality Development† solitary play helps children develop on their own. Without toys, children use their imagination. Without friends, children use their imagination. Imagination is one thing that never dies no matter what, because it

Business Environment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Environment - Coursework Example There are several types of economic systems but this paper will only concentrate on theses three namely, planned economy, participatory economy, and barter economy. In planned economy such as state socialism where the economy behaves like a hands on economy in which people follow the state laws of economy. In participatory economy, people guide the production and distribution of goods through participating in the system. While in barter trade, traders exchange goods for other goods directly. These three economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively by helping in making decisions regarding how, what, and for whom to produce (Gitman and McDaniel, 2008:101). For instance, in planned economic system, the state owns the scarce resources whereby it allocates them to the public by setting up production targets and rate of growth according to how it views the public’s wants. In this system, the overall income and distribution of wealth falls in the hands of the state auth orities. As such, the amount of resources an individual can access depends on his income and the resource depends on the value of market. Barter economic system entails of exchanging goods for other goods. In this case, these economic systems allocate resources effectively and accordingly depending on need and availability. Factors of production Factors of production contribute to scarcity of production in that, the more people produce, the more they are utilizing the available resources. Scarcity takes place following the inadequate availability of resources in spite of the fact that people require resources to produce. Factors of production include the natural resources such as land, water, air, and minerals among others. There is labor, which entails about the human effort used during production of goods whereby it involves marketing expertise and technical skills. There is also capital stock whereby these are human made goods or means of production in which people use them to produce other goods (Kurtz and Boone, 2009:52). With this sense, factors of production such as land contribute towards scarcity of resources since it is a natural resource and humans cannot control that by structuring another land upon using the first one. It is available, but has no alteration or effort on the part of humans. Out of the three econo mic systems listed above, I think the most appropriate one is the planned system of economy. This is because, planned system of economy bases on the process of accumulating capital. Simultaneously, it also seeks to direct or control the process of accumulating capital via corporative ownership or state ownership. By so doing, this economic system ensures stability and encourages equality among different people as well as expanding the power of decision-making (Kurtz and Boone, 2009:69). In addition, with planned system of an economy, the public, the state, and corporative all carry out production with view of attaining maximum profits. In this system, the market players are responsible for making decisions concerning investment and as such, they are able to assess which means of production are competent in the market. As a result, this system of economy is appropriate since it coordinates production directly to satisfy the economic

ROLES OF THE ARNP AND THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE BASE NURSING RESEARCH Paper

ROLES OF THE ARNP AND THE NEED FOR EVIDENCE BASE NURSING - Research Paper Example Their knowledge and expertise are critical in many areas of practice. They operate as nurse practitioners, clinical nurse specialists, nurse anaesthetist and certified nurse-midwife (Statements, 2013). Evidence-based nursing research is important as a tool for practice and professional development. It has been found to be important in assisting nursing care achieve the best quality and positive patients outcomes such as in a reduction of catheter-related urinary tract infections (Howie & Dutton, 2012). The use of research evidence in practice has also been associated to a reduction in healthcare costs as those practices that are found not to be beneficial to health care. Research evidence has also been associated through research to an increase in the healthcare provider empowerment and the feeling of confidence and autonomy on the side of the practitioner (Soong et al., 2013). Further, when this happens, the nurse practitioners are more satisfied in their work, there is less healthcare provider turnover. In addition, research-based practice increases the availability of knowledge and development of the nursing profession. This is important in reducing geographical variations in care delivery as the evidence can be replicated in multiple (Rincon, 2012). Soong, C., Daub, S., Lee, J., Majewski, C., Musing, E., Nord, P., †¦ Bell, C. M. (2013). Development of a checklist of safe discharge practices for hospital patients. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 8, 444–449. doi:10.1002/jhm.2032 Statements, P. (2013). Guidelines about the role of physician assistants and advanced practice registered nurses in the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 62, 442–3.

Recommendation report in which you compare two potential river or sea Assignment

Recommendation report in which you compare two potential river or sea developments for one city with the intention of attracting - Assignment Example However, there are hundreds of rivers that cut across the Rio de Janeiro state, most of them having cities, towns and settlements developed along their banks. Therefore, natural resources, and most especially rivers, are vital components of the economy and the life of Rio de Janeiro (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2013 p12). Among the popular rivers that cut right across the city of Rio de Janeiro are the Acari River and River Paraiba do Sul, which constitute vital resources for the city (De Vries & Reilly, 2011 p21). However, the potential of these two rivers is yet to be completely tapped, and especially in regards to water-based tourism, which is evidently possible and attractive in these rivers. Thus, any development and rehabilitation of the two rivers that is targeted towards this objective is sure to deliver positive results, a major reason that informs the recommendation for the development of the two rivers for this purpose. The Acari River flows in the South eastern side of B razil, through the Rio de Janeiro state, forming one of the major water-courses that supply the city of Rio de Janeiro (Room, 1997 p311). The river cuts across the city of Rio de Janeiro from the western side, and it separates this city from the city of Duque de Caxias (Room, 1997 p303). The most significant aspect about the strategic positioning of this River is that; it separates the most populous City in the Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area, which is the City of Rio de Janeiro, from the third most populous city in the region, which is the city of Duque de Caxias (Ades, 2004 p322). This fact is especially significant, considering the number of people who can be able to access and subscribe to the tourist activities established in this river, should the river be rehabilitated and developed for water-based tourism, are high. The other fundamental characteristic of the Acari River, which makes it most suitable for development for the purposes of water-based tourism, is the fact that the Acari River is navigable (De Vries & Reilly, 2011 p32). The river traverses across regions that are well endowed for boat and canoe riding, thus making it a suitable river for developing towards these purposes. Additionally, the Acari River is not silted up; therefore it presents no danger of derailing the riding of canoes and boats used for water-based tourism explorations (Krystek, 2012 n.p.). The Acari River has a very large flow of water, meaning that it is a river that can be rehabilitated for the purpose of water-based tourism, since it can manage to sustain and supply the flow of water required for this purpose throughout all seasons. The vegetation along the regions of interface between the river and the land surface also suffices the need for soil conservation purposes, by ensuring that no soil from the land masses can directly cause the siltation of the river, while also preventing soil erosion, because it enhances the filtration process (Ades, 2004 p319). The river al so possess several species of fish, especially on the upper side that is before the section where the Acari River joins the cities, making it even more viable for

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example It will discuss upon the micro environment, macro environment, and the future strategic implications of the organization. Hollister Co. Hollister Co., generally known as promoted as HCo or Hollister, is a lifestyle brand based in America and has been originated by Abercrombie & Fitch Co. Hollister Co. has presented a concept, which is actually made to catch the attention of the young segment of consumers aged between 14 and18. It offers reasonable, rather lower, price point as compared to the parent brand. The major promotion of the brand is done by the inspiration of casual wear and image of SoCal. The company provides the goods both through online platforms and the company’s own stores (Hollister California, 2012). Goods are available in-store and through the company's online store. The company is acknowledged to be the owner of the United States’ second most ideal and preferred brand of amongst the teen’s segment as indicated in the list of actual West Coast c ompanies issued by Piper Jaffray for the year 2008. Initially, the company opened up its first store in Columbus, Ohio at the Easton Town Centre in July 2000. The drastic success of HCO made it noticeable for Abercrombie & Fitch Co. that the Abercrombie & Fitch brand was superseded by the HCo brand. The A&F brand was properly made to stand out in competition from HCo. Brand through the use of materials of higher quality and there were strict introductions of construction in the A&F facility for goods and clothing. This made the cost of merchandise go higher with the store mainly centring its resources and attention on the clothing for the consumer segment aged between 11 and17 years. Hollister Co produces and sells accessories and apparel for women and men. The products of the company includes knits, logo tees, sweaters, shirts, pants, jeans, outerwear, shorts, tanks, winter wear, and sleepwear; and bracelets, necklaces, hats, totes, caps, belts, scarves, and flip flops. The brand a lso offers to its consumers a wide variety of perfumes, colognes, gloss products and lip shine, lip balms, and body care products, along with the gift cards (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2012). Along with many other countries, the company operates in Canada, UK, and US and owns more than 1,039 stores all across the world with over 80,100 employees. Macro Analysis An organization can be judged for its competitiveness, strengths and other factors on the basis of its macro environment. The factors contained in the organization’s macro environment are those elements which influence the organization in an indirect manner but do not give it the ability to control them. These factors include the PESTEL analysis of the industry which stands for political, economic, social and technological, environmental and legal factors. They are described as below: Political Factors The political factors comprise of the government decisions which have an indirect or direct impact on the organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s activities. In this context, A&F operates in many countries which have an economy that is free-market oriented with regulations and rules to safeguard the intelligent rights and patents from being copied. These patens assist the organizations to protect their rights on any property that they own. However, other political implications that A&F is required to follow include the rules and regulations such as rights of workers, employees, and shareholders. Since, the

The Bush Foreign Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Bush Foreign Policy - Essay Example Diplomacy may be given a goal of reaching an agreement with a nation that will not agree to the terms set forth by our policy. This is the position that America finds itself in today. The Bush administration has drawn some very clear lines against some very real enemies. Diplomacy has been ineffective due to the conflicting nature of negotiation and the Bush administration's policy of standing pat in a rapidly changing world. Bush's foreign policy has been based on, and in response to, the events of 9/11. That terrorist action changed the way America viewed the rest of the world as well as its own vulnerabilities. It required a reshaping of policy to fulfill the requirement that foreign policy has of keeping the population safe and secure. It called for a swift and immediate overhaul of government agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to minimize the possibility of future attacks. It called for a rapid response against the perpetrators to assure the public that everything was being done that could. These first few steps, however admirable, were more designed for national public politics than affecting foreign policy. In the ensuing months, almost every foreign policy decision made has been to support the war on terrorism or to promote the policy on an internal political basis. In the September 17In the September 17, 2002 National Security Strategy paper George Bush stated that the United States would, "... exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively against such terrorists, to prevent them from doing harm against our people and our country; and denying further sponsorship, support, and sanctuary to terrorists by convincing or compelling states to accept their sovereign responsibilities" (Bush, 2). This declaration, initiated in a Strategic Planning Paper authored by Dick Cheney and Paul Wolfowitz 10 years earlier, signaled a dramatic shift in policy. The policy had shifted from national defense to national offense. It authorized the pre-emptive attack on any nation that may be harboring terrorists or aiding them in any fashion. Though the motivation may have been honorable, the strategy was at best untenable in today's world of elusive terrorists that are able to cross borders and manage funds by concealed accounts. He closed the document by saying, "Today, the distinction between domestic and foreign affairs is diminishing. The characteristics we most cherish-our freedom, our cities, our systems of movement, and modern life-are vulnerable to terrorism" (Bush, 5). Clearly he was crafting a policy that called for war on anyone, anywhere, that threatened his perception of our modern way of life. Much of his foreign policy has been geared toward the enemies that threaten to end the American way of life. He has promoted and advocated for liberalized trade around the globe in an effort to de-politicize the economic systems of the world. He has pushed for free markets and privatization as a means to place democracy in the market place. At stake is our American concept of freedom and the right to human dignity for all men.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Strategic Management - Essay Example It will discuss upon the micro environment, macro environment, and the future strategic implications of the organization. Hollister Co. Hollister Co., generally known as promoted as HCo or Hollister, is a lifestyle brand based in America and has been originated by Abercrombie & Fitch Co. Hollister Co. has presented a concept, which is actually made to catch the attention of the young segment of consumers aged between 14 and18. It offers reasonable, rather lower, price point as compared to the parent brand. The major promotion of the brand is done by the inspiration of casual wear and image of SoCal. The company provides the goods both through online platforms and the company’s own stores (Hollister California, 2012). Goods are available in-store and through the company's online store. The company is acknowledged to be the owner of the United States’ second most ideal and preferred brand of amongst the teen’s segment as indicated in the list of actual West Coast c ompanies issued by Piper Jaffray for the year 2008. Initially, the company opened up its first store in Columbus, Ohio at the Easton Town Centre in July 2000. The drastic success of HCO made it noticeable for Abercrombie & Fitch Co. that the Abercrombie & Fitch brand was superseded by the HCo brand. The A&F brand was properly made to stand out in competition from HCo. Brand through the use of materials of higher quality and there were strict introductions of construction in the A&F facility for goods and clothing. This made the cost of merchandise go higher with the store mainly centring its resources and attention on the clothing for the consumer segment aged between 11 and17 years. Hollister Co produces and sells accessories and apparel for women and men. The products of the company includes knits, logo tees, sweaters, shirts, pants, jeans, outerwear, shorts, tanks, winter wear, and sleepwear; and bracelets, necklaces, hats, totes, caps, belts, scarves, and flip flops. The brand a lso offers to its consumers a wide variety of perfumes, colognes, gloss products and lip shine, lip balms, and body care products, along with the gift cards (Bloomberg Businessweek, 2012). Along with many other countries, the company operates in Canada, UK, and US and owns more than 1,039 stores all across the world with over 80,100 employees. Macro Analysis An organization can be judged for its competitiveness, strengths and other factors on the basis of its macro environment. The factors contained in the organization’s macro environment are those elements which influence the organization in an indirect manner but do not give it the ability to control them. These factors include the PESTEL analysis of the industry which stands for political, economic, social and technological, environmental and legal factors. They are described as below: Political Factors The political factors comprise of the government decisions which have an indirect or direct impact on the organizationâ⠂¬â„¢s activities. In this context, A&F operates in many countries which have an economy that is free-market oriented with regulations and rules to safeguard the intelligent rights and patents from being copied. These patens assist the organizations to protect their rights on any property that they own. However, other political implications that A&F is required to follow include the rules and regulations such as rights of workers, employees, and shareholders. Since, the

The Concrete Era of Boston City Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Concrete Era of Boston City - Research Paper Example He started it with tax reforms and initialized various measures like the Freedom Trail Project to improve the relationship with locals. But, many challenges still remained as Boston was one of the oldest municipalities in the United States. Real reforms started to take place during the period of John F. Collins who followed Hynes. Several big architects like Le Corbusier and Charles Luckman started to work on various projects in the city. The Prudential Center was the first building to be build during the Hynes, Collins period using glass and steel mainly. Everybody expected the other buildings to follow the same pattern. But surprisingly, concrete considered as an ugly material by many took over the architecture of the city completely. The Government Center and the Boston City Hall built in 1968 was described as "one of the handsomest buildings of the time" by New York Times. I. M. Pei who constructed it designed it in such a way it had room for all administrative offices under one roof. The design for the City hall was selected though an open competition. The design of the Hall was so modern that it evoked many protests from the local architects as well as various other people who felt it did not suit the city's historical importance. The winner Gerhard Kallmann, Noel McKinnell, and Edward Knowles used concrete to create an authenticity for the building. The City Hall was simply described as "Mycenaean or Aztec overtones" by Walter Muir Whitehill. Most of the City Halls major designs like the concrete structures which doubled as sunscreens and top huge overhanging were Le Corbusier's idea (S. Southworth & M. Southworth, 2008). This concrete structure re-defined the Boston's face in the... This "The Concrete Era of Boston City" essay describes how the city and its "Concert Chapter" has changed with the times. The Prudential Center was the first building to be build during the Hynes, Collins period using glass and steel mainly. Everybody expected the other buildings to follow the same pattern. But surprisingly, concrete considered as an ugly material by many took over the architecture of the city completely. The Government Center and the Boston City Hall built in 1968 was described as "one of the handsomest buildings of the time" by New York Times. I. M. Pei who constructed it designed it in such a way it had room for all administrative offices under one roof. The design for the City hall was selected though an open competition. The design of the Hall was so modern that it evoked many protests from the local architects as well as various other people who felt it did not suit the city's historical importance. The winner Gerhard Kallmann, Noel McKinnell, and Edward Knowle s used concrete to create an authenticity for the building. The City Hall was simply described as "Mycenaean or Aztec overtones" by Walter Muir Whitehill. Most of the City Halls major designs like the concrete structures which doubled as sunscreens and top huge overhanging were Le Corbusier's idea (S. Southworth & M. Southworth, 2008). This concrete structure re-defined the Boston's face in the architectural world. Several new buildings started to appear using concrete. Nearly one hundred and fifty-four mega structures were erected in between 1950 to 1970.

Psychology discussion Essay Example for Free

Psychology discussion Essay The findings from this research that trigrams in an organised list will be recalled better than those in a disorganised list have supported the evidence of Millers theory. Miller (1956) found that the magic number 7+-2 can be increased using the method called chunking. This would relate to this piece of research as the amount of individual letters remembered was a lot bigger than the value 7+-2. Participants in the organized condition on average recalled about twenty one letters, and in the disorganized condition they recalled about nine letters. This supports Millers view; that more items can be remembered if they are recalled in chunks. This experiment can be extended to investigate the theory of expert chess players having better chunking abilities than novice players (Chase and Simon (1973)). The expert chess players could recall more information about the relationship of chess pieces than those of amateur chess players, the experts could recall up to 30 pieces of information, compared to only seven pieces for amateur players. This links to my experiment because using the technique chunking on an organised and disorganised list of words, led to an improvement in the number of trigrams recalled in the organised condition rather than the disorganised condition. In the organized list around 21 individual letters were recalled, compared to only 9 in the disorganized list. This supports Chase and Simons view that chunking can lead to better recall. My experiment was based on a previous study by Bowers in 1969; the results produced are similar to those obtained by Bowers. Table comparing the result of my study and Bowers study: This Study Bowers Study Average words recalled % of Words Average words recalled % of Words Organised 7. 1 71% 16. 9 65% Disorganised 2. 9 29% 4. 94 19% The results are quite similar although the results above have a higher percentage of words recalled for both the organised and disorganised list compared to Bowers results, however this is due to the fact that more words were involved in Bowers list: 26 compared to the 10 words used on my list. This will have had an affect on memory as the participant is challenged to remember more words. Bower used a theme of minerals; whereas in my experiment it involved a mixture of random trigrams. This could have affected the ability to recall; especially if Bowers participants had greater knowledge than others. However this problem did not occur in my experiment as it was not based around one particular theme. On the whole my results are similar to those obtained by Bowers. E2- Strengths and Weaknesses of the investigation: A strength of this investigation was the method used. This was a laboratory experiment. This method was very reliable and accurate as it allowed manipulation and full control over the variables (i. e. whether the participant is given the organised or disorganised list of trigrams). Therefore the results which were obtained were reliable, and the experiment could be easily replicated by another researcher. A strength of this experiment was that ethics was taken into consideration as informed consent was used to gain approval from the participant, to take part in the experiment. Participants were told they were taking part in a psychology experiment. Also confidentiality was abided by as well as all participants had the right to withdraw there results at any time, also none of their personal details were taken such as names and address. A weakness of this experiment could be the design; as an independent groups design was used; there may have been individual differences between participants. As those participants in the organized condition may have been more intelligent than those in the disorganized condition; this could have lead to them recalling more trigrams than those in the disorganized condition. E3- Consideration of alternative method: An alternative method could be used to test the affect of organisation on memory recall rather than an experimental method. A field experiment can be used so the test can be carried out in a natural setting. The new test can be carried out in school; for example a teacher can carry out an examination on students by testing a group of students to remember a list of abbreviations. This would be testing the ability to recall organized trigrams. Another classroom could be asked to play a game; where their partner gives them three random letters; if they answer a question wrong in a quiz they must recall the three letters they were told at the beginning. A new disorganized trigram would be used every time a question was answered incorrectly. This would then allow you to test the ability to recall disorganized trigrams. An advantage of this over the other method is that it would be carried out in participants everyday settings; therefore it would be more realistic, which would give the experiment more ecological validity. This method will also reduce demand characteristics. Students will believe that this is a real test, and therefore they will pay attention and take the task seriously. Although they will not know it is a task into memory; they will believe it is an important test. This method would be relevant for the aim and hypothesis of the study, as it would show if there is a clear difference, in the organized and disorganized trigrams recalled and it would also improve the reliability of the results. E4- Application of findings and suggestion for future research: In conclusion, this investigation has found that 16-18 year olds on average recall more trigrams from an organised list than a disorganised list. This research has proven that chunking and organization does increase the capacity of short-term memory. Therefore a link can be made to the real world for example if someone has to remember security numbers or phone numbers. Short codes can be chunked into one unit, although longer series of numbers like phone numbers may be chunked into two or three sections. This will help to aid recall, also chunking and organisation can help with revision. For example, by revising from notes arranged in an organised style this should organise the data in the brain and encourage better recall in exams and therefore good exam results. This research can also be applied when people do daily shopping. For example items of a similar nature can be chunked together into one group, e. g. , peas, cabbage and broccoli could be chunked under a vegetables group, so that they can be remembered as one chunk rather than three individual units. This research can be applied to future research by investigating if using chunking technique for exam revision can aid better recall thus better exam results. For example teachers could hold revision sessions using call cards which are chunked into small amounts of detail for the student to remember. They can then test to see if students with revision aids did better than those without.

The labour cost advantage and china

The labour cost advantage and china Introduction China has an emerging economy and therefore, produces many products. On the European market, there is a large demand for these products. China has relatively low production costs, which makes China an interesting country to import from. Chinese wages have risen sharply with globalization, average wages in China have increased every year since 1978. The average wage in urban areas was 21.000 Yuan in 2006, which is four times higher than the average wage in 1995. How will the wages develop in China? The question for this research is: Has China the labour cost advantage? Content Has China the labour cost advantage? 1 Introduction 2 Content 2 Offshoring in general 3 Why are companies outsourcing to China? 3 Employment in China 4 What was Chinas economic reason to enter the WTO? 4 How have wages been developed in China? 6 Wages by Ownership 7 Wages by Region 9 Wages by Sector 10 Wages compared with other countries in Asia 11 Has China the labour cost advantage? 12 Bibliography 13 Offshoring in general Offshoring is defined as the movement of a business process done at a company in one country to the same, or another company, in another country. Most of the movements to lower-costs destinations take place in the own management. Outsourcing is the movement of an internal business process to an external company in the same country and the movement of an internal business process to an external company in another country. Offshore outsourcing occurs most often.  [1]   Why are companies outsourcing to China? There are different reasons why companies outsource to China, but some of these reasons are similar. Several reasons for outsourcing to China are  [2]  : Cheap Labour: China offers savings up to five times compared to the U.S. The labour costs in China are 50 percent lower than in India. Labialization of laws and government policies: Government has passed laws which protect private ownership and intellectual property in the country. It has also embraced public/private partnerships and domestic/foreign partnerships. Existence of offshore manufacturing and physical proximity to major markets: China is the manufacturing plant of the world, which provides sound base for outsourcing, strengthened by risk mitigation and greater stability. Employment in China Although China is still a developing country with a relatively low average income, it has a tremendous economic growth since the seventies (9.1 percent in 2004). This can be related to a great extent of an economic liberalising policy. The Gross National Product raised with 400 percent between 1978 and 1998 and the international investments grew tremendous during the nineties. The agriculture is by far the most important sector. Figures of 2007 show that 41 percent of the total population of China is employed in this sector. Nevertheless, the agricultural land limits to around 11 percent of the total Chinese land surface. Since the seventies, the agriculture is privatised, which yield a tremendous production growth. Figure 1: Economic growth, percentage per year  [1]  4 What was Chinas economic reason to enter the WTO? Joining the WTO is a very important event for the development of China at the beginning of the 21st century. WTO membership opens up Chinas market for more international trade and investment, and opens up the world economy for Chinas exports. Some researchers see it as a positive force for Chinas economic development while others are concerned that the competition of foreign imports and foreign enterprises in China might destroy important domestic enterprises in Chinas agricultural, manufacturing and service sectors. The main motivation of Premier Zhu Rongji in promoting Chinas entry into the WTO was to use foreign competition to speed up economic reform in both the industrial and service sectors. In the late 1990s, reform in both sectors was slow due to the inertia coming from vested interests of a group of formerly appointed managers holding on their positions.  [3]   How have wages been developed in China? Average wages have increased every year since 1978. In 2006, the average wage in urban areas in was 21.000 Yuan, which is four times higher than the average wage in 1995. However, as wage levels increased, so did discrepancies between different sectors, types of ownership and regions. In general, average wages were higher in share-holding, foreign-owned and state-owned enterprises, and were lowest in locally funded enterprises, with wages in enterprises owned by Hong Kong and Taiwanese businesses in the middle. A more significant gap emerged between different occupations and industrial sectors, and especially between low-skilled and high-skilled workers.   In 2006, the average wage of employees in primary industries was only 786 Yuan, which is a quarter of the average wage of employees working in financial services (3.273 Yuan) and one-fifth of those working in the computer industry (3.730 Yuan). Wages by Ownership Between 1995 and 2007, the average annual wage for employees grew more than four times, from 5.600 Yuan to 22.700 Yuan. Figure 2 shows the average annual wages of staff and workers by type of ownership from 1995 until 2007. In China, there were three periods of wage reform. The first period of reform started around 1985. Before this year the average wage growth was around 4.9 percent per year. In the period 1986 until 1997, employment in jointly owned enterprises experienced a tremendous growth. The average wage growth per year was still quite low, with an average of 3.9 percent, which was partly due to a negative growth in 1988 and 1989 (because of inflation and political upheaval). The third period was from 1997 until 2007. From 1999 on, the average wages were rising rapidly with an average of 14 percent per year. This could be because of Chinas preparation for getting into the WTO, as well as the restructuring of state-owned enterprises which started in 1998. Wages in the state sector began to increase in the late 1990s, reaching 14.358 Yuan in 2003, surpassing private sector wages by a narrow margin for the first time since reform began. By 2007, the average wage in the state sector was about 11 percent higher than in the private sector. The state-owned sector has been restructured in the 1990s. In the planned economy, they had low productivity, disguised unemployment (because of Chinas political function of maintaining low unemployment) and limited profits. They had a wage system which was dependent on seniority. In the 1990s, the Chinese government would not include the losses of their enterprises. This is why they began with restructuring. They started by allowing privatisation of small and medium state-owned companies. After that, the government started with a more aggressive restructuring. The objective was to shut down loss-making companies and establish modern forms of corporate governance. These reforms led to many layoffs in state-owned companies. From 1996 to 2002, around 40 million employees were laid off. As can be seen in figure 3, the Chinese government succeeded in downsizing the employees and the productivity in the state-owned sector increased. Figure 2: Annual wages of staff and workers by type of ownership in thousand Yuan Source: China Statistical Yearbook Figure 3: Employment share and labour productivity for state owned enterprises Source: http://www.conference-board.org/economics/workingpapers.cfm?pdf=E-0024-07-WP Wages by Region Figure 4 shows the annual wage of employees divided in different regions in China. The 30 provinces are divided by the National Bureau of Statistics of China in six regions: Bohai (Beijing and surrounding provinces), Southeast (including Shanghai, Guangdong and other coastal provinces), Northeast, Central, Southwest and Northwest China. Tibet is not listed, since there is limited information about this region. Figure 3 presents the real annual wage of employees across the six regions in China, showing the different wage patterns. During the first period of reform, the average wages were grouped. Later on, the wages in the South-eastern and Bohai regions began to rise. As can be seen in figure 4, the wages in the South-eastern and the Bohai regions now have the highest average wages. The difference between these two regions and the other four regions is around 30 to 40 percent. The highest growth in the past 20 years has occurred in the South-eastern and the Bohai regions, the coastal areas where cities as Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Shenzhen are located. Figure 4: Annual wages by Region in thousand Yuan (Source: China Statistical Yearbook) Wages by Sector The wages by sector have about the same pattern as the wages by regions. In figure 5 the wages across sectors are showed. Remarkable is that the wages across sectors stayed clustered until 1993. After 1993, the average wages for Banking Insurance, Scientific research Polytechnic service increased rapidly. These two sectors are both sectors with skill intensive labour. To make a comparison between the skill intensive sectors and the other sectors (unskilled sectors), the average wage in the construction sector was 5.729 Yuan in 1990, about 14 percent higher than the average wage for the banking Insurance sector. In 2007, the Banking Insurance sector had an average wage of 50.000 Yuan, around 265 percent higher than the wages in the Construction sector. People believed that manufacturing wages grew the fastest because of the increasing volume of exports in China. Actually, these wages grew even below the national average, although manufactured products counted for more than 90 percent of Chinas export. Figure 5: Annual wages by sector in thousand Yuan (Source: China Statistical Yearbook) Wages compared with other countries in Asia Figure 6 shows the manufacturing wages of different Asian countries from 1979 to 2007. The wages of China are comparable with the Philippines and Thailand, plausible is that the wages of Malaysia are much higher than the other countries listed. Figure 6: Annual Manufacturing wages between several Asian countries in USD Source: International Labour Organization Has China the labour cost advantage? Wages have been developed. However, there are differences between skilled and unskilled labour. The wages for skilled labour increased rapidly the past decade. (see page 10)Wages for unskilled labour still remains quite low compared to the skilled intensive sectors. Reasons for the wage growth of unskilled workers are the GDP growth of more than 10 percent per year, and the export growth of almost 30 percent per year since China became part of the WTO in 2001. In contrast to this, employment in manufacturing has increased with 3 percent in recent years. Compared to other developing countries in Asia, China still have the lowest wages on average. However, wages in China have developed rapidly since the late 1990s. Another factor is the large supply of graduated students over the past several years. Due to an increasing demand in skilled labour, the Chinese government expanded the enrolment of students in the late 1990s. In 1998, the total number of admitted students was around 1.08 million, a number that increased to 2.68 million in 2001. This could prevent a rapid increase of the wages in the future.

Burkina Faso :: History

Burkina Faso Burkina Faso is a small country located in Western Africa, north of Ghana, it's total land area is 274,200 sq km. The terrain is mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast. Some of it's natural resources are manganese, limestone, marbleand small deposits of gold. The irrigated land in Burkina Faso is only a mere 160 sq km. The population is 10,422,828 (July 1995 est.) of which 50% is under the age of 15. Burkina Faso is a country with a rapidly increasing population in relation to the growth of food supply and other human necessities. The countries population is growing rapidly and the country is not able to adequately feed, shelter, and provide the basic human needs. The situation is not improving, it is getting worse with each year. The very near future could be disastrous for the people of Burkina Faso. The possible solutions in overcoming this problem are not plentiful and all have their drawbacks, and moral issues. One option would be to try to increase the death rate, and at the same time lower the birth rate. Another can be to try to raise the environmental limits so that food supply would adequate. Or the other option can be that we do nothing and wait. These are just some options that I think are the most applicable to the case in which Burkina Faso is currently facing. Of all three the most appealing solution to me is number one. That solution might be a little slower then other options but I believe it is the best approach for the country. The first option, to increase death rates and lower the birth rates would be the best choice. This option would be best because of the situation that is in Burkina Faso. The spread of HIV/AIDS has become an important issue in Burkina Faso, where the national statistics estimate that between 4 and 7 percent of the population is seropositive. While these rates are low in comparison to countries of East Africa, they place Burkina Faso second after Cote d'Ivoire among West African countries most affected by the epidemic. Burkina Faso's health problems include a high prevalence of many endemic diseases, poor case management by the health system and a weak infrastructure, with health centres that are geographically or financially inaccessible to most of those they are meant to serve.

Ismenes Indecisiveness in Antigone :: essays research papers

The play Antigone is usually thought of as either the tragedy of Creon or the tragedy of Antigone, but it is just as much the tragedy of Antigone's sister Ismene. In the play, Antigone and Creon hold on to two different ideals, Antigone to the ideal of sororal duty and holy rights, while Creon holds on to the rules of his kingdom, dominated by the laws of men and of reason. Ismene is obsessed by her role as a woman, choosing to ignore her feelings of obligation towards her family, and remaining completely indecisive and inactive, as she believes a woman should. By the end of the play she is left in the same position as Creon, without any family in the world and feeling partially responsible for the outcome. If Ismene had stood up and done something either to stop Creon from sentencing Antigone to death, or to help Antigone in burying Polyneices, she would in the end be with her family in life or in death, and be better of than being left alone on earth alive. Also the actions of the characters in the play are very comparable to the ideas and strategies of the Greeks and Spartans in Thucydides, written shortly afterwards. Ismene's indecisiveness and lack of action is starkly contrasted with the actions and beliefs of Creon and Antigone, the characters who are most often thought of as the victims. For Antigone, the punishment that characterizes her as a victim is the sacrifice of her life for her personal beliefs about the honor and duty associated with family ties. Antigone's death at the end of the play illustrates the fact that she is willing to die as long as she knows that her brother has received proper burial rites. On the other side there is Creon, who can be thought of as a stubborn and terrible king, but who really is acting just like Antigone, holding onto what he believes firmly in. As Antigone blatantly ignores the laws of the city, and only acts in the direction fulfilling the requirements of holy rites, Creon acts in parallel by ignoring the laws of the divine and only following the laws which as king it is his duty to uphold and preserve. Antigone clearly gives her opinion of the situat ion, and outlines her values that are so important to her while speaking to her sister.

Food Crisis Essay

According to World Bank, they blame that the food crisis in Africa are causing by trade barrier. A lot of countries in Africa are restricted importing food from the border. Due to unfertilized land in a lot of parts in Africa, it causes people to discourage to be a farmer, so the food supply is less. However, African population is increasing rapidly. Therefore, the demand for food will just keep increasing. As a result, the demand for food would exceed supply for food in Africa. Before I move on to the next examples, I need to explain about the result of the demand exceed supply. Identical products around the world should fix in the law of one price, which mean that the identical products should sell at the same price around the world. This is because if it is not the same price, the country that sell high price would go to buy the low price product from another country and sell it to their country. Therefore, the country that sell product for low price with get a result in increasing demand which result in increasing in price. The supply for the high price product will be more because people import to sell in country, which result in decreasing in price. At the result, both countries will sell product at the same price. This will cause the exporter by the rest of the world need to sell the product at the same price (world price). Therefore, we can draw it in the graph as vertical lines while the supply in the country as an upward-sloping and the demand is downward-sloping, but food is necessary product, so the line should be more inelastic. Now we can plot all of this in to a graph, and a graph will look like this. The import is horizontal because of the world price, so they need to supply at this price. As you can see from the graph, the import is restrict at only the small amount according to Africa, only 5 percent of the food import, which resulting in demand exceeding supply, so we can apply this to the food crisis by trade restriction. Therefore, the price of food is increasing because there is high demand for food than supply in Africa, while the farmer is not encouraging by the government because only a little profit goes to them even though the price is high due to the government policy, so he Africa people suffer from hunger due to the unaffordable price of food. Not only Africa that face food crisis, but also the world is suffered during 2008. According to Europe, they claim that the world food crisis is because the trade restriction of many countries in the world such as Argentina, Russia, Japan and South Korea. These trade restrictions cause the price of food in the world to increase. People cannot afford the high price. Thus, the food crisis occurs and suffers many countries around the world. Food crisis occur in the country may lead to other problem. For example, the protest in Egypt also cause by raising cost of food in the country because of trade restriction. In long term solution to solve food crisis should be that the government should not intervene food price because food is necessary product; they choose restrict on the unnecessary product such as cigarette or alcohol instead. 20 million people in Africa are suffering from hunger nowadays due to this food crisis causing by trade restriction.

Audience And Action Plan Essay

I am the manager of Lexington Short Term Outpatient/Inpatient Rehabilitation Center with the task of developing an action plan and a proposal to add long term care services to our current services that will be presented to the organization’s Board of Directors for approval. Initially, I had prepared an action plan that requires updating. My initial action plan included the following: various communication methods to be use by managers within this organization, the importance of the identified communication methods within this organizational structure, internal/external relationships to be considered, steps involved in organizational planning and functions of management, how planned steps may be applied to the scenario, strategies that might be used to bring about change in the organization, how those strategies may be used to prevent or to minimize conflict, strategies that can be applied if conflict does arise, the manager’s role in conflict management, ethical issues that may altered the way change is conducted in the organization, the effects of financial and human resource management controls, how financial and human resource control issues may affect the decision-making process, environmental influences related to health care which may affect outcomes and quality within the organization, and, how the implemented change will be tracked or evaluated. I decided to add diversity to management, administration, staff and health care services to appeal to a diverse patient population that is multilingual to enhance communication with our clients and broaden our patient services. This worked well for me because I realized that being equipped to serve a diverse patient population will give my proposal better chance of being accepted by the Board of Directors. While attempting to update my action plan, deciding on what will be appropriate and successful was something that was a challenge for me. Another challenge was incorporating my new updates to my current action  plan. If I was asked the question what would I have done differently if I had the opportunity prior to my update, my answer would have been to have the opportunity to update my action plan. Now that my update is completed, I feel very confident and is ready to present my proposal and action plan to the Board of Directors and I will not do anything differently from this point on. Buchbinder, S.B & Shanks, N.H (2012). Introduction to health care management (2nd ed.) Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Economics _ Whither the Dollar Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economics _ Whither the Dollar - Essay Example Both see the necessity for international cooperation in determining currency exchange rates under appropriate circumstances and both provide the ability to alter exchange rates under certain circumstances. However, they also recognize the destructive aftermath of freely flexible exchanges on international trade and economic relations generally, and their chief purpose is to create and maintain a system of stable exchange rates. And yet, the Keynes’ system had some radical ideas that went completely contrary to White's conservative plan. Unlike White's theory, where member-countries would deposit their currencies, and together with the government fund then provide the currencies needed by each country for settling its international account, the Keynes’ plan provides an international clearing, where no funds are deposited. Instead, international payment would be effected by debiting the paying country and crediting the receiving country on the books of the union. (The Key nes’ and White Plans) Keynes proposed the establishment of: an International Clearing Union, based on international bank money, called (let us say) bancor , ?xed (but not unalterably) in terms of gold and accepted as the equivalent of gold by the British Commonwealth and the United States and all members of the Union for the purpose of settling international balances. (Keynes, 1980, p.121) The basic idea is simple. Countries would have accounts that would play the same role as reserves, (mainly gold in the early 20th century) and dollars or other foreign exchange currencies. With the account at the International Clearing Union countries do not have to shore up these reserves. They are free to take a loan from the International Clearing Union in times of need and lend if they export more than they import. The de?ation bias caused by trapped reserves, which cannot turn into meaningful demand, would disappear. To prevent accumulation credits or debits Keynes also suggested some measures so in the long run the system self-balance itself. The outcome of the negotiations was the new Bratton Woods system. This system incorporated points, where both plans agreed. Yet, because of the USA's greater negotiating strength, the final decisions of the new system were closer to the conservative plans of Harry Dexter White. According to US economist Brad DeLong, on almost every point where Keynes’ ideas were canceled by the Americans, he was later proved correct by events of history. The Primary Real Causes of the Financial Crisis of 2008 According to the article â€Å"Whither the Dollar† by Katherine Sciacchitano, there are a few reasons and events, which triggered the beginning stages of the financial crisis of 2008. The first is the elimination of capital control. This deepened economic stability in many ways: - It made it easier for capital to search for the lowest possible wages; - It increased the political power of capital by enabling it to â€Å"v ote with its feet† - It fed asset bubbles, increased financial speculation and exchange rate bounce. This increased unregulated capital mobility and speculation weakened the real economy, further exhausted global demand and increased economic instability. As we can see from history, from the eighties on up in countries all around the world an economic crises have occurred about every five years. Another reason of the 2008

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Research Proposal - Essay Example In the above context, the identification and the analysis of the requirements related with a new seizure clinic specifically involved in the treatment of epilepsy have been considered to be issues of significant advantage for patients around the world. The design and the development of such a clinic could help patients worldwide to improve their health on a daily basis by limiting the consequences and the symptoms of the disease. It should be noticed that the research on the particular issue (appearance and development of epilepsy) has been extensive and quite long. However, no particular improvement, on the health of patients suffering from the specific disease, has been noticed. It is perhaps the people involved do not comply with the rules set by the medical community or even they do not accept the significance of the disease for their health. In many cases, because of the usually short duration of the disease’s symptoms, persons suffered tend to deny their problem avoiding proceeding to the necessary treatment. Regarding this issue, the establishment of a new seizure clinic could lead to the increase of the volume and the quality of consultancy offered to patients but only in terms that the suggested measures are taken by patients and the proposed treatment is followed strictly. The ‘innovative characteristic’ of this clinic would be its target (limited to the treatment of the particular disease) and the quality of services provided to patients. Current study will be involved specifically with the establishment of a new seizure clinic for people suffering from epilepsy. For this reason, all issues related with this disease’s appearance and the development (both from medical and from sociological perspective) are going to be examined thoroughly. Any potential negative influence will be also highlighted in order to avoid the establishment of private

Diversity in employment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Diversity in employment - Essay Example 13). Diversity in the work place has generally been thought of as purely an employment equity issue. However, diversity is coming to be recognized as an asset which can, like any other asset that is well managed, contribute to the bottom line. Diversity is growing almost as quickly as the number of software vendors at an accounting convention (Talbot-Allen, 2001, p. 3) One of the best definitions for diversity I have come across says, "Diversity is the mosaic of people who bring a variety of backgrounds, styles, perspectives, values, and beliefs as assets to the groups and organisations with which they interact" (Rasmussen, 2000, p. 274). A mosaic enables people to retain their individuality while contributing collectively to the bigger picture. Second, this definition of diversity applies to and includes everyone; it does not rule out anyone. Finally, this definition describes diversity as an asset, as something desirable and beneficial! This change represents a move away from dominance by the white-Anglo male toward an increasingly diverse and segmented population. This workplace will include growing numbers of women, people of color, people of different ethnic backgrounds, aging workers, workers with a variety of physical handicaps, and people with alternative lifestyles. Only companies that have cultures that support diversity will be able to retain the best talent necessary to remain competitive. Diversity is not the same thing as employment equity. Diversity Pros and Cons Managing diversity is both a challenge and an opportunity for management. It is a challenge because it requires organisational change; it means fostering a cultural environment that values differences and maximizes the potential of all employees. It is an opportunity because organisations that proactively address diversity have a competitive advantage. They are able to attract, motivate and retain high potential employees. We must begin by recognizing the unique cultures of different racial, gender, ethnicities, abilities, differing lifestyles, etc., provide the basis for new perspectives on understanding organisational behavior. This perspective starts with the assumption that each cultural group organizes and defines experience within its own set of cultural systems. Research has suggested that men, women, and the various minorities do not share a common culture of organisational life. The implication is that each group identifies, defines, and organizes its experience in the organ isation in unique ways (Fine, Johnson, & Ryan, 2002, p.306, 317). A number of factors account for these differing experiences. For instance, women hold lower level positions at lower salaries than men; therefore, they tend to see the organisation from the bottom. Minority employees are fewer in number, so, they view the organisation in an isolation perspective. Second, each group appears most comfortable communicating within their own group. Third, the cultures of gender and race give unique perspectives on organizing experiences. Women and minorities identify interpersonal barriers as obstacles to their success, while white men see formal structures and policies as eliminating any obstacles. Women define moral order in terms of interpersonal relationships (as cited in Fine, Johnson, &am